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Research Article

Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using endophytic fungal extract of Xylaria arbuscula from Blumea axillaris and its biological applications

, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 318-333 | Received 08 Mar 2023, Accepted 24 Jun 2023, Published online: 11 Jul 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Green synthesis of ZnONPs using Xylaria arbuscula fungal extract: (A) UV absorption spectrum of biologically synthesized ZnO nano particles, (B) XRD pattern of fabricated ZnONPs, and (C) FTIR spectrum of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using fungal extract.

Figure 1. Green synthesis of ZnONPs using Xylaria arbuscula fungal extract: (A) UV absorption spectrum of biologically synthesized ZnO nano particles, (B) XRD pattern of fabricated ZnONPs, and (C) FTIR spectrum of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using fungal extract.

Figure 2. (A & B) SEM micrographs of ZnONPs, (C) EDX spectra of bio fabricated ZnONPs.

Figure 2. (A & B) SEM micrographs of ZnONPs, (C) EDX spectra of bio fabricated ZnONPs.

Figure 3. TEM Image of ZnONPs: (A) Green synthesized ZnONPs, (B) Enlarged view of a ZnONPs, (C) Dispersion of ZnONPs, (D) SAED Pattern, (E) Size distribution analysis of ZnONPs by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and (F) Surface zeta potential of synthesized ZnONPs.

Figure 3. TEM Image of ZnONPs: (A) Green synthesized ZnONPs, (B) Enlarged view of a ZnONPs, (C) Dispersion of ZnONPs, (D) SAED Pattern, (E) Size distribution analysis of ZnONPs by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and (F) Surface zeta potential of synthesized ZnONPs.

Table 1. DPPH Scavenging potential of biogenically synthesised ZnONPs.

Figure 4. Antimicrobial activity of green synthesized ZnONPs: (A) Antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnONPs through disc diffusion method, (B) Antifungal activity of ZnONPs against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

Figure 4. Antimicrobial activity of green synthesized ZnONPs: (A) Antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnONPs through disc diffusion method, (B) Antifungal activity of ZnONPs against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

Table 2. Antibacterial activity of biologically synthesised ZnONPs.

Table 3. Antifungal activity of synthesised ZnONPs.

Table 4. In vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity of Bio fabricated ZnONPS.

Table 5. Albumin denaturation inhibition activity of biosynthesized ZnONPs.

Figure 5. In vitro cytotoxicity of synthesized ZnONPs against L929 cell lines at various concentrations.

Figure 5. In vitro cytotoxicity of synthesized ZnONPs against L929 cell lines at various concentrations.

Table 6. Percentage of inhibition against the in vitro cytotoxicity of ZnONPs on L929 cell lines.

Figure 6. In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of L929 cells treated with biosynthesized ZnONPs by Acridine orange and Ethidium bromide staining (A) Control (B) Cells treated with ZnONPs.

Figure 6. In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of L929 cells treated with biosynthesized ZnONPs by Acridine orange and Ethidium bromide staining (A) Control (B) Cells treated with ZnONPs.

Figure 7. In Vitro Wound Scratch Assay of biologically synthesized ZnONPs.

Figure 7. In Vitro Wound Scratch Assay of biologically synthesized ZnONPs.

Table 7. Percentage of wound healing activity at different time intervals using varied concentrations of biosynthesized ZnONPs.

Figure 8. Photocatalytic activity ; A) The photodegradation of Methylene blue using synthesized ZnONPs, (B) UV spectra depicting degradation of Methylene Blue, (C) % Degradation of MB dye at different time interval. 

Figure 8. Photocatalytic activity ; A) The photodegradation of Methylene blue using synthesized ZnONPs, (B) UV spectra depicting degradation of Methylene Blue, (C) % Degradation of MB dye at different time interval. 

Data availability statement

All data were included in the manuscript file. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (P.K), upon reasonable request.