Figures & data
Figure 1. Study flow chart. Abbreviations: Tdap, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine.
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants (n = 69 mother-infant pairs).
Table 2. Geometric mean values of mothers’ IgG antibodies, pertussis toxin neutralizing antibodies (PTNA), and memory B-cell frequencies before and after Tdap vaccination. Significantly higher levels of anti-PT, FHA, PRN, DT, TT, and PTNA titres as well as higher frequencies of memory B cells (aside from PT at 6 months) to PT, FHA, PRN, and TT were found at delivery and 6 months in Arm 1 than Arm 2 (all p values < 0.05).
Table 3. Geometric mean values of infants’ IgG antibodies, pertussis toxin neutralizing antibodies (PTNA), and pertussis specific memory (delivery, three months, six months) and plasma (five months + seven days) B–cell frequencies before and after DTaP vaccination.
Figure 2. The effect of existing antibodies on the mothers’ vaccination response during pregnancy. Individuals in Arm 1 were distributed in evenly increasing increments of baseline antibody concentrations for anti-PT IgG (A), anti-FHA IgG (B), anti-PRN IgG (C), anti-DT IgG (D), anti-TT IgG (E), and PT neutralizing antibodies (F). Geometric mean concentrations of IgG antibodies and PT neutralizing antibodies are shown. Since FIM2/3 is not included in the vaccine and no anti-FIM2/3 antibody response was observed after vaccination, such analysis for FIM2/3 is not shown.
Table 4. Geometric mean concentrations of mothers’ IgG antibodies, pertussis toxin neutralizing antibodies (PTNA), and pertussis–specific memory B–cell frequencies before and after Tdap vaccination based on the initial baseline antibody concentrations*. Only Mothers in Arm 1 are included in the analysis.
Figure 3. The cutoff limit for defining the possible interference caused by maternal antibodies was determined by distributing the infants in proportional increases based on antibody concentrations at three months of age. Individual cut-offs were defined for anti-PT IgG (A), anti-FHA IgG (B), anti-PRN IgG (C), anti-DT IgG (D), anti-TT IgG (E), and PT neutralizing antibodies (F). Geometric mean concentrations of IgG antibodies and PT neutralizing antibodies are shown. Since FIM2/3 is not included in the vaccine and no anti-FIM2/3 antibody response was observed after vaccination, such analysis for FIM2/3 is not shown.
Table 5. Geometric mean values of infants’ IgG antibodies, pertussis toxin neutralizing antibodies (PTNA), and pertussis specific memory (delivery, three months, six months) and plasma (five months + seven days) B-cell frequencies before and after DTaP vaccination based on the initial baseline antibody concentrations* at three months of age.