Crops of alfalfa genotypes in the soil with very low and very toxic concentrations of mobile aluminium

Figures & data

Figure 1. The weather conditions during experimental seasons from 2018 to 2022 (data from Vėžaičiai Automatic Meteorological Station), SRC–the standard rate of climate.

Table 1. Soil characteristics of experiment sites.

Pedological indices of soil
Experiment site of 2018 and 2020 sowing year
Soil type	Retisol
Sand, %	46.9
Silt, %	45.1
Clay, %	8.0
Mobile P2O5 mg kg^−1	177.0–335.0
Mobile K2O mg kg^−1	195.0–234.0
Ntotal, %	0.12–0.14
Experiment site of 2018 sowing year
pHKCl	Mobile Al mg kg^−1
4.14–5.68	0.00–23.41
Experiment site of 2020 sowing year
pHKCl	Mobile Al mg kg^−1
4.31–5.69	0.0–25.26
4.16–4.23	26.79–50.25
3.96–4.21	52.14–74.08
3.87–4.02	76.86–97.00

Table 2. The two-way ANOVA results by year and mobile Al concentrations (0.00–97.00 mg kg⁻¹) and their effect on agro-biological traits in seasons 2021–2022 of 2020 sowing year.

Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Wintering
		Mean squares	p Value
Al	3	29.0408	0.0000
Year	1	0.5513	0.1410
Al x Year	3	0.0788	0.8030
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Spring regrowth
		Mean squares	p Value
Al	3	580.507	0.0000
Year	1	35.4903	0.0009
Al x Year	3	475.168	0.0000
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Height before flowering
		Mean squares	p Value
Al	3	6620.24	0.0000
Year	1	4458.04	0.0000
Al x Year	3	2337.55	0.0000
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Aboveground mass
		Mean squares	p Value
Al	3	67.244	0.0000
Year	1	3.4453	0.0000
Al x Year	3	6.9703	0.0000
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Stem number
		Mean squares	p Value
Al	3	4898.8	0.0000
Year	1	3413.45	0.0006
Al x Year	3	3020.87	0.0000
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Seed yield
		Mean squares	p Value
Al	3	91865.1	0.0000
Year	1	15295.0	0.0000
Al x Year	3	5888.38	0.0001
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Spring black stem leave spot
		Mean squares	p Value
Al	3	271.618	0.0000
Year	1	0.32	0.5437
Al x Year	3	280.281	0.0000

Figure 2. The agro-biological traits of alfalfa genotypes in the acidic soil with 0.00–23.41 mg kg⁻¹ mobile Al concentration in 2019–2020 of 2018 sowing year, (a) wintering and aboveground mass; (b) the spring regrowth and height before flowering; (c) the seed yield and stem number; (d) spring black stem leave spot. The differences between experimental years, different letters in each trait according to Tukey’s test are significant p-value < 0.05. Vertical dashes indicate the mean of standard error. Note: spring black stem leave spot compared between seasons.

Figure 3. The agro-biological traits of alfalfa genotypes in the acidic soil with different mobile Al concentrations in 2021–2022 of 2020 sowing year, (a) wintering and aboveground mass; (b) the spring regrowth and height before flowering; (c) the seed yield; (d) the stem number; (e) spring black stem leave spot. The differences between concentrations of mobile Al with different letters in each trait according to Tukey’s test are significant p-value < 0.05. Vertical dashes indicate the mean of standard error. Note: spring black stem leaf spot compared between seasons.

Table 3. Correlation analysis between the agro-biological traits and concentrations of mobile Al, in warm and dry growing seasons year of alfalfa crops (2019 of 2018 sowing year and 2021 of 2020 sowing year).

Trait	Mobile Al	W	SR	HF	SN	SY	SBSLS	AM
W	0.758**	–
SR	−0.432**	−0.348**	–
HF	−0.761**	−0.716**	0.706**	–
SN	−0.722**	−0.687**	0.638**	0.917**	–
SY	−0.798**	−0.642**	0.435**	0.68**	0.618**	–
SBSLS	−0.336**	−0.274**	0.325**	0.359**	0.372**	0.249**	–
AM	−0.961**	−0.744**	0.436**	0.762**	0.734**	0.805**	0.328**	–

Note: W: wintering; SR: spring regrowth; HF: the height before flowering; SN: the stem number; SBSLS: the spring black stem leaf spot, severity %; AM: aboveground mass; **—significant at p < 0.01.

Table 4. Correlation analysis between the agro-biological traits and concentrations of mobile Al, in warm and rainy growing seasons year of alfalfa crops (2020 of 2018 sowing year and 2022 of 2020 sowing year).

Trait	Mobile Al	W	SR	HF	SN	SY	SBSLS	AM
W	0.745**	–
SR	−0.717**	−0.500**	–
HF	−0.851**	−0.782**	0.707**	–
SN	−0.754**	−0.769**	0.433**	0.77**	–
SY	−0.423**	−0.328**	0.448**	0.455**	0.322**	–
SBSLS	0.423**	0.511**	−0.213**	−0.519**	−0.595**	−0.204**	–
AM	−0.926**	−0.685**	0.613**	0.815**	0.771**	0.386**	−0.476**	–

Note: W: wintering; SR: spring regrowth; HF: the height before flowering; SN: the stem number; SBSLS: the spring black stem leaf spot, severity %; AM–aboveground mass; **—significant at p < 0.01.