Effect of Covid 19 on butchers and their coping strategies in Kampala district

Figures & data

Figure 1. Stringency index and cumulative number of Covid-19 cases in Uganda from January 2020 to July 2022.

Figure 2. Map of showing the different divisions in Kampala.

Table 1. Description of variables.

Variable	Number	Mean	Std.Dev
Trader’s years in business	120	11.4	7.8
Age of the trader	120	36	8.7
If the trader completed primary = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.4	0.5
If the trader is married = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.8	0.4
If the trader is male = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.97	0.2
If the trader is solely owned = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.7	0.4
If the trader deals in beef = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.9	0.3
If the trader’s transport costs were affected = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.98	0.1
If the trader’s rent costs were affected = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.4	0.5
If the trader’s utilities costs were affected = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.4	0.5
If the trader’s wage costs were affected = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.6	0.5
If the trader’s beef sales declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.9	0.3
If the trader’s beef sales recovered = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.99	0.9
If the trader’s goat meat sales declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.4	0.5
If the trader’s goatmeat sales recovered = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.98	0.2
If the traders beef supply declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.9	0.3
If the traders beef supply recovered = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.98	0.1
If the traders goatmeat supply declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.4	0.5
If the traders goatmeat supply recovered = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.97	0.2
If the trader’s meat sales declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.98	0.2
If the trader’s meat sales recovered = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.98	0.1
If the trader’s customers declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.98	0.1
If the trader’s beef supply price reduced = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.2	0.4
If the trader’s beef supply price recovered = 1 zero otherwise	120	0.8	0.4
If the trader’s goatmeat supply price declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.2	0.4
If the trader’s goatmeat supply price recovered = 1 zero otherwise	120	0.9	0.3
If the trader’s beef selling price declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.4	0.5
If the trader’s beef selling price recovered = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.8	0.4
If the trader’s goatmeat selling price declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.4	0.5
If the trader’s goatmeat selling price declined = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.98	0.2
If the trader acquired credit = 1 and zero otherwise	120	0.26	0.44

Table 2. Characteristics of butcher traders by type of meat.

Variable	Goat (%)	Beef (%)	Difference
Gender
Male traders	98.11	97.32	0.79
Female	1.89	2.68	−0.79
Marital status
Married traders	75.47	79.46	−3.99
Not married	24.53	20.54	3.99
Education
Primary education	37.74	43.75	−6.01
Secondary	54.72	52.68	2.04
Tertiary	7.55	3.57	3.98
Source of meat
Abattoir	64.15	70.54	−6.39**
Slaughter house	56.6	74.11	−17.51
Slaughter shed	1.89	3.57	−1.68
Youth traders	30.19	28.57	1.62
Solely owned	67.92	75	−7.08
Covid 19 affected
Transport costs	100	53	57
Rent costs	11	46	−35
Utility costs	8	43	−35
Affected wages	28	69	−41***
Acquired credit	18	29	−11

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01.

Table 3. T-test for effect of Covid 19.

Variable	During	Before	Difference
Beef
Quantity of beef supplied (kg/wk)	391.94	924	−532.06***
Buying price of beef (shs)	11636.36	9968.18	1668.18***
Beef sold (kg/wk)	325.29	825.29	−500***
Selling price of beef (shs)	13339.29	12339.29	1000***
Goat meat
Quantity of goat meat sold (kg/wk)	110.15	359.44	−249.29***
Buying price of goat’s meat (shs)	14452.83	13990.57	462.26
Goat sold (kg/wk)	103.81	325.36	−221.55***
Selling price of goatmeat (shs)	17037.74	16905.66	132.08
Number of employees	1	2	−1**
Weekly customers	141	340	−199.01***

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01.

Table 4. T test for post Covid behavior.

Variable	After	During	Difference
Beef
Qty of beef supply (Kg/wk)	635.19	391.94	243.25***
Buying price of beef	11830.36	9995.54	1834.82***
Beef sales (kg/wk)	547.97	325.29	222.68***
Selling price of beef	13870.54	13339.29	531.25***
Goat
Qty of goat meat supply (kg/wk)	190.87	110.15	80.72**
Buying price of goat’s meat	15235.85	14452.83	783.02*
Goat sales (kg/wk)	178.23	103.81	74.42***
Selling price of goatmeat	18396.23	17037.74	1358.49**
Number of employees	1.65	1.12	0.54**
Weekly customers	216.98	141.19	75.78***

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.

Figure 3. Impact of Covid 19 on daily beef and goat supply.

Figure 4. Effect of Covid 19 on weekly meat sales.

Figure 5. Covid effect on buying and selling price.

Figure 6. Effect on the number of customers served every week.

Table 5. Tobit results for meat supply and sales effect.

Variable	Magnitude
	Beef supply	Goat supply	Beef sale	Goat sale
Respondent age	−1.792	0.713	−25.045***	9.582
Years in business	1.302	−1.359	26.071**	−18.745*
Beef supply price effect	−0.011	0.01*
Goat supply price effect	0.006	−0.015***
Beef supply effect		−0.307**
Goat supply effect	−0.38**
Beef sale effect				−0.193
Goat sale effect			−0.161
Beef sale price effect			−0.041	−0.08***
Goat sale price effect			0.052***	−0.198
Customer effect	0.041***	−0.016	−0.339***	−0.032
Primary	27.225*	6.222	78.793	135.788
Married	24.712*	0.346	93.175	10.794
Sole owner	9.037	6.891	25.85	15.981
Rent costs were affected	10.858	0.108	−22.356	132.279
Utility costs were affected	38.176**	−21.054	203.019*	−74.009
Wages were affected	−30.884**	10.477	−265.162***	72.113
Covid led to credit	−3.092	19.115*	2.356	106.837

***p < 0.001;**p < 0.01;*p < 0.05.

Table 6. Linear regression and Tobit results for meat supply recovery.

Variable	Recovery
	Beef supply	Goat supply	Beef sales	Goat sales
Respondent age	0.546	0.393	−7.295*	0.756
Years in business	0.414	−0.647	5.21	−2.644
Beef supply price recovery	0.003	−0.002
Goat supply price recovery	−0.001	0.003***
Beef supply recovery		0.424***	−0.005
Goat supply recovery	0.708***
Goat sale price recovery			−0.017*	0.002
Beef sale price recovery			0.017	0.021**
Beef sale recovery
Goat sale recovery			0.181
Customer recovery	0.017*	0.006	0.271***	0.023
Primary	10.788	−0.446	52.54	9.225
Married	3.027	7.732	93.808*	19.327
Sole owner	−4.593	1.731	−2.567	−11.275
Rent costs were affected	4.948	3.206	22.271	17.27
Utility costs were affected	14.979*	−9.046	5.269	−45.294
Wages were affected	−3.909	8.155	−52.487	57.572
Covid led to credit	−3.801	−2.526	0.96	−38.502

***p < 0.001;**p < 0.01;*p < 0.05.

Figure 7. Cope up with decrease in meat supply.

Figure 8. Cope up with increase in supply price.

Figure 9. Cope up with decrease in volume of sales.

Figure 10. Other activities.

Data availability statement

Data for this manuscript is availability and it can be provided when requested for.