Toxicological evaluation of ethanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinus on lungs, stomach, brain and hematological parameters of Wistar rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the research area.

Table 1. Effect of leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinus on hematological parameters in Wister rats.

		Treatment (mg/kg)
Hematological parameters	DW (10ml/kg)	100	200	400
WBC (×109/L)	8.22 ± 0.72	6.74 ± 1.32	7.77 ± 0.70*	7.13 ± 1.81
RBC (×1012/L)	8.31 ± 0.33	6.64 ± 0.56*	8.12 ± 0.56	7.75 ± 0.53
HGB (g/dL)	15.96 ± 0.57	11.23 ± 0.61*	14.34 ± 0.97	14.63 ± 0.12
HCT (g/dL)	60.25 ± 2.05	56.61 ± 3.74	34.66 ± 3.17	53.40 ± 1.82
MCV	66.64 ± 0.94	60.40 ± 1.45	57.27 ± 0.32	69.61 ± 1.73
MCH	19.57 ± 0.17	17.86 ± 1.12	18.85 ± 0.37	18.81 ± 0.21
MCHC (g/dL)	35.70 ± 0.24	27.42 ± 1.15	32.65 ± 0.22	34.73 ± 0.73
PLT (×109/L)	683.81 ± 40.34	471.50 ± 23.72*	652.41 ± 12.20	677.35 ± 52.35
LYM (%)	92.13 ± 4.57	89.22 ± 4.11	89.86 ± 6.19	86.11 ± 1.26
NEUT (×109/L)	12.15 ± 3.68	11.94 ± 3.54	13.44 ± 5.66	11.54 ± 5.52
EOSI (×109/L)	2.07 ± 0.33	2.41 ± 0.67	1.96 ± 0.13	1.90 ± 0.21

Data presented as Mean ± SEM: n = 6, One way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s post hoc for multiple comparison.

* Significantly different from the distilled water (DW) control at p < 0.05.

DW = distilled water (WBC = white blood cells, RBC = red blood cells, HGB = hemoglobin, HCT = hematocrit, MCV = mean corpuscular volume, MCH = mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC = mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, PLT = platelet, LYM = lymphocyte, NEUT = neutrophils, EOSI = eosinophils, BASO = basophils).

Table 2. Effect of Pterocarpus santalinus on body weight (g) in rats.

Treatment (mg/kg)	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4
DW (10 ml/kg)	185.32 ± 6.72	166.13 ± 4.34	189.51 ± 5.57	195.73 ± 4.17
100 mg/kg	197.33 ± 30.10	196.65 ± 15.18	197.28 ± 3.12	198.23 ± 5.16
200 mg/kg	201.23 ± 19.51	212.11 ± 12.35	211.23 ± 11.53	212.10 ± 17.44
400 mg/kg	215.68 ± 11.39	220.11 ± 8.21	225.47 ± 6.71	233.14 ± 1.23*

* Significantly different from the distilled water (DW) control at p < 0.05. DW = distilled water. n = 6.

Table 3. Effect of Pterocarpus santalinus on relative organ to body weight ratio in rats.

Relative organ to body weight ratio%
Treatment (mg/kg)	Brain	Stomach	Lungs
DW (10 ml/kg)	0.71 ± 0.42	0.85 ± 0.15	0.47 ± 0.32
100 mg/kg	0.70 ± 0.12	0.83 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.05
200 mg/kg	0.73 ± 0.16	0.89 ± 0.13	0.55 ± 0.012
400 mg/kg	1.22 ± 0.23*	0.97 ± 0.14	0.6 ± 0.70*

* Significantly different from the distilled water (DW) control at p < 0.05. DW = distilled water, n = 6 by.

Figure 2. Figure of the brain (Hematoxylin and eosin. H and E × 100). (1) Control group, shows normal neurons (N), (2) 50 mg/kg, (3) 100 mg/kg, and (4) 200 mg/kg of ethanol stem extract of Pterocarpus santalinus.

Figure 3. Figure of the Stomach (Hematoxylin and eosin. H and E × 100). (1) Control group, shows normal red (R) and white (W) pulp, (2) 100 mg/kg, (3) 200 mg/kg, and (4) 400 mg/kg of ethanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinus.

Figure 4. Figure of lung (Hematoxylin and eosin. H and E × 100). (1) Control group, shows normal stomach mucosa (M), (2) 100 mg/kg shows normal features, (3) 200 mg/kg shows normal features, and (4) 400 mg/kg shows normal features.