Effect of dopamine and progesterone on the physiological and molecular responses of tomato seedlings to drought and salt stress

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of different stress and hormone treatments on plant morphological parameters.

Treatment	Tissue length (cm)	Dry weight (g)	Water content (%)
Shoot
CT	27.90 ± 0.56 a	0.29 ± 0.047 a	93.37 ± 0.38 a
ST	20.57 ± 0.32 b	0.15 ± 0.021 b	92.14 ± 0.61 a, c
DR	21.5 ± 0.98 b	0.23 ± 0.012 c, d	90.75 ± 0.55 b, c
DOP	27.20 ± 0.10 a	0.31 ± 0.020 a	92.21 ± 0.21 a, c
DOP + ST	22.83 ± 0.68 b	0.17 ± 0.012 b, c	91.83 ± 0.81 a, c
DOP + DR	21.50 ± 1 b	0.26 ± 0.010 a, d	89.96 ± 0.89 b
PRO	27.30 ± 0.60 a	0.22 ± 0.032 a, b	93.50 ± 1.11 a
PRO + ST	20.43 ± 0.38 b	0.15 ± 0.021 b	91.95 ± 0.91 a, c
PRO + DR	21.80 ± 0.35 b	0.29 ± 0.045 a	89.14 ± 0.34 b
Root
CT	24.73 ± 2.57 a	0.041 ± 0.007 a, c	93.43 ± 0.91 a
ST	23.17 ± 0.12 a	0.022 ± 0.002 b	92.34 ± 0.34 a
DR	25.47 ± 1.06 a, b	0.042 ± 0.008 a, c	91.87 ± 0.87 a
DOP	25.27 ± 1.60 a	0.044 ± 0.007 a, c	92.81 ± 0.70 a
DOP + ST	29.33 ± 1.21 b	0.032 ± 0.002 b, c	92.87 ± 0.88 a
DOP + DR	22.00 ± 0.76 a	0.050 ± 0.006 a	92.59 ± 0.60 a
PRO	26.10 ± 1 a, b	0.027 ± 0.007 b, c	94.13 ± 1.01 a
PRO + ST	26.57 ± 0.38 a, b	0.027 ± 0.004 b, c	92.39 ± 0.50 a, b
PRO + DR	23.47 ± 0.32 a, b	0.054 ± 0.004 a	91.89 ± 0.90 b

CT, ST, DR, DOP, DOP + ST, DOP + DR, PRO, PRO + ST and PRO + DR indicate control, salt, drought, dopamine, dopamine + salt, dopamine + drought, progesterone, progesterone + salt and progesterone + drought applications, respectively. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05, n = 60).

Table 2. Effect of different stress and hormone treatments on physiological stress indicators.

Treatment	Relative water content (%)	Ion leakage (%)	MDA content (nmol/g)	Proline content (nmol/g)
CT	85.48 ± 0.40 a	5.02 ± 0.26 a	5.54 ± 0.72 a, b	40.55 ± 16.07 a
ST	69.96 ± 6.42 b	4.97 ± 0.72 a	7.38 ± 0.41 b	810.48 ± 146.39 b
DR	78.91 ± 3.92 a, b	5.07 ± 0.51 a	9.98 ± 0.94 c	291.58 ± 33.35 c
DOP	73.55 ± 2.96 b	4.24 ± 0.93 a	5.28 ± 0.46 a	49.48 ± 16.2 a
DOP + ST	71.05 ± 5.11 b	4.04 ± 0.95 a	4.90 ± 0.28 a	629.55 ± 139.68 b
DOP + DR	78.83 ± 2.01 a, b	2.98 ± 0.39 b	10.99 ± 1.22 c	241.07 ± 52.07 a, c
PRO	81.74 ± 3.31 a	6.20 ± 0.32 a	4.01 ± 0.88 a	41.07 ± 5.75 a
PRO + ST	70.71 ± 2.86 b	3.30 ± 0.37 b	5.38 ± 0.32 a	737.80 ± 62.46 b
PRO + DR	77.09 ± 1.87 a, b	5.56 ± 0.85 a	13.14 ± 2.59 c	179.21 ± 24.97 a, c

CT, ST, DR, DOP, DOP + ST, DOP + DR, PRO, PRO + ST and PRO + DR indicate control, salt, drought, dopamine, dopamine + salt, dopamine + drought, progesterone, progesterone + salt and progesterone + drought applications, respectively. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05, n = 60).

Figure 1. Graph of relative normalized gene expressions for different treatment groups. CT, ST, DR, DOP, DOP + ST and DOP + DR indicate control, salt, drought, dopamine, dopamine + salt and dopamine + drought applications, respectively. Different letters indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05, n = 60) determined by Tukey test of One Way ANOVA.

Figure 2. Graph of relative normalized gene expressions for different treatment groups. CT, ST, DR, PRO, PRO + ST and PRO + DR indicate control, salt, drought, progesterone, progesterone + salt and progesterone + drought applications, respectively. Different letters indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05, n = 60) determined by Tukey test of One Way ANOVA.

Data availability statement

All the raw data used in the preparation of the manuscript is available upon request.