Evaluation of Ethiopian White Cumin (Trachyspermum ammi L.) accessions for agronomic and quality traits in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1. List of the white cumin (T. ammi) accessions with their passport data.

Accessions	Region	Zone	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	Altitude
Tena-2007	Oromia	Arsi	7° 45’	39° 25’	1800–4100
Akiya-2007	Oromia	Arsi	7° 45’	39° 25’	1950
Shirka-2007	Oromia	Arsi	7° 37’	39° 30’	2353
Shirka 001/2007	Oromia	Arsi	7° 37’	39° 30’	2400
Bale-2007	Oromia	Bale	6° 59’	40°30’	1650
Silingo-2007	Oromia	Arsi	08°10’	39°09’	2300
Sagure-2005	Oromia	Arsi	07°45’	39°09’	2568
G-002	Oromia	Bale	6° 59’	40°30’	1670
Sole-007	Oromia	Arsi	7° 45’	39° 25’	Not available
Tereta-004	Oromia	Arsi	7° 45’	39° 25’	Not available
Gedgeda-026	Oromia	Arsi	7° 45’	39° 25’	Not available
Robe-2007	Oromia	Arsi	09° 36’	39° 08’	2435
Sagure-2007	Oromia	Arsi	07°45’	39°09’	2568
Takusa-1	Amhara	Semen Gonder	12°10’	37°01’	1840
Dembia-1	Amhara	Semen Gonder	12°30’	37° 33’	1920

E= East and N= North.   

Table 2. Mean squares from pooled analysis of variances at Kulumsa and Robe Arsi and from 2019 to 2020 years for 12 traits of white cumin genotypes.

S.V	Traits
	DF	DE	DFL	DM	PH	NPBP	NUP	NULTSP	SYP	SYPH	TSW	EOC (%)	ORC (%)
Genotype	14	46.43***	272.13***	2227.84***	131.12***	13.55***	1044.79***	6037.30***	1.17***	260490.44***	1.13***	2.43***	23.60***
Year	1	42.05 ^ns	1608.02**	7018.76***	1006.76***	48.06***	3048.17***	16240.59***	0.67*	1415404.56***	4.28***	0.19***	5.30***
Location	1	136.94***	2026.76**	3591.20***	17611.28***	19.70***	8584.04***	20845.11***	146.46***	897945.15***	0.07 ^ns	0.7***	6.96***
Block (Location)	4	9.59 ^ns	90.78***	7.61 ^ns	50.43*	1.91*	1436.61***	7530.80***	0.24 ^ns	136830.53*	0.29 ^ns	0.002*	0.77***
Block (Year × Location)	4	17.53 ^ns	50.11*	1.78 ^ns	0.67 ^ns	0.09 ^ns	80.04 ^ns	385.19 ^ns	0.06 ^ns	34108.62 ^ns	0.22 ^ns	0.005***	0.33**
Genotype × Location	14	8.51 ^ns	41.66**	542.77***	3.23 ^ns	25.00***	1263.98***	8014.63***	0.93***	279910.35***	0.31*	0.01***	1.03**
Year × Location	1	8.45 ^ns	12.80 ^ns	5.00 ^ns	208.42**	7.89**	989.27**	5287.91**	0.82*	2817646.00***	0.06 ^ns	0.0003 ^ns	0.04 ^ns
Year × Genotype	14	110.00***	107.24***	322.61***	25.93 ^ns	2.80***	61.53 ^ns	4453.77 ^ns	0.01***	34764.22 ^ns	0.26 ^ns	0.002**	0.20***
Year × Genotype × Location	14	6.31 ^ns	10.25 ^ns	17.86 ^ns	31.21 ^ns	1.85**	96.90 ^ns	506.25 ^ns	0.02 ^ns	61243.02 ^ns	0.80 ^ns	0.0002 ^ns	0.05 ^ns
Error	112	11.74	15.55	22.07	19.02	0.70	125.72	642.60	0.12	5494913.42	0.16	0.001	0.06
Mean		26.94	105.10	180.94	60.10	6.22	40.86	96.63	1.29	1168.35	1.54	5.85	26.2
CV (%)		12.72	3.75	2.60	7.26	13.43	27.44	26.23	26.96	18.96	25.9	0.46	0.9
R^2 (%)		67.20	85.48	95.64	91.07	89.80	79.08	79.69	92.95	72.82	63.98	99.76	98.32
F –value		3.96	17.51	100.95	6.90	19.42	8.31	9.40	9.64	5.31	7.16	3309	424.54

Ns= not significantly different; * = significant at P < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001.

S.V= sources of variation, R2= coefficient of determination, CV= coefficient of variation , DE= days to 50% emergency, DF= degrees of freedom, DFL= days to 50% flowering, DM= days to 90% physiological maturity, PH= plant height (cm), NPBP= number of primary branch plant⁻¹, NUP= number of umbels plant⁻¹, NULTSP= number of umbellets umbel⁻¹, SYP= seed yield plant⁻¹ SYPH: seed yield (kg ha⁻¹), TSW= thousand seed weight (g), EOC= Essential oil content (%), ORC= oleoresin content(%).

Table 3. Mean performances of white cumin genotypes for 10 agronomic and 2 quality traits evaluated at Kulumsa and Arsi Robe in 2019 and 2020.

Accessions	DE	DFL	DM	PH	NPBP	NUP	NULTSP	SYP	SYPH	TSW	EOC (%)	ORC (%)
Tena-2007	26.83^b-e	105.92 ^cd	185.25 ^cd	58.66^d-g	6.50^b	37.86^bcd	88.64^c-f	1.85^a	1262.51^a-d	2.21^a	5.64^f	23.19^l
Akiya-2007	26.83^b-e	106.50 ^cd	185.42 ^cd	60.65^cde	5.24^ef	29.66^de	68.50^f	1.28^def	1313.48^abc	1.38^def	5.54^g	26.05^h
Shirka-2007	23.67^fg	92.92^g	144.00^h	57.94^efg	5.13^f	55.47^a	126.96^b	1.23^ef	1225.62^bcd	1.47^cde	6.23^c	26.25^g
Shirka 001/2007	23.00^g	99.33^f	153.58^g	55.53^g	6.00 ^cd	59.89^a	147.59^a	0.81^gh	1412.43^a	1.16^ef	5.64^f	27.54^c
Bale-2007	27.17^a-e	106.00 ^cd	185.17^cde	64.69^ab	7.45^b	38.32^bcd	88.91^c-f	1.55^bcd	1229.51^a-d	1.65 ^cd	5.44^h	26.94^d
Silingo-2007	26.33^c-f	104.83^de	183.17^cde	57.88^efg	6.07 ^cd	40.77^bc	96.10 ^cd	0.89^gh	1220.29^bcd	1.07^f	5.24^j	26.35^g
Sagure-2005	26.33^c-f	105.75 ^cd	181.42^ef	58.18^efg	5.52^def	43.98^b	103.04^c	1.20^ef	968.38^fg	1.56 ^cd	6.23^c	25.53^j
G-002	27.75^a-e	108.2^abc	187.12^bc	62.82^bc	5.31^ef	34.76^cde	81.31^def	1.71^ab	1009.91^efg	2.01^bc	5.34^i	25.85^i
Sole-007	28.00^a-e	107.42^bcd	187.75^bc	61.80^bcd	5.08^f	39.00^bc	93.00^cde	1.37^cde	1370.36^ab	1.47^cde	5.14^k	23.49^k
Tereta-004	30.17^a	110.25^ab	192.08^a	63.36^bc	7.20^b	55.27^a	130.91^ab	0.79^h	996.95^efg	1.09^f	6.13^d	26.74^e
Gedgeda-026	29.17^ab	107.50^bcd	188.00^bc	59.87^c-f	6.34^c	39.08^bc	83.85^c-f	1.32^def	1084.79^efg	1.58 ^cd	6.23^c	27.73^b
Robe-2007	28.92^ab	111.33^a	189.67^ab	58.06^efg	5.82^cde	35.37^d-e	82.72^c-f	1.31^def	926.88^g	1.57 ^cd	5.93^e	25.55^j
Sagure-2007	28.58^abc	108.33^abc	189.83^ab	67.40^a	5.48^def	34.54^cde	82.66^c-f	1.38^cde	1152.81^cde	1.54 ^cd	6.13^d	26.94^d
Takusa-1	25.42^efg	102.25^ef	180.75^f	58.78^efg	8.73^a	41.20^bc	102.33	1.62^abc	1132.17^def	1.58 ^cd	6.42^b	28.30^a
Dembia-1	25.92^def	99.92^f	180.00^f	56.44^fg	7.40^b	27.78^e	72.90^ef	1.08^fg	1219.50^bcd	1.72^bc	6.50^a	26.55^f
LSD	2.77	3.19	3.80	3.53	0.68	9.07	20.51	0.28	179.17	0.32	0.02	0.19

Means followed by the same letter/s are not significantly different. LSD= least significant difference, DE= days to 50% emergency, DFL= days to 50% flowering, DM= days to 90% physiological maturity, PH= plant height (cm), NPBP= number of primary branch plant⁻¹, NUP= number of umbels plant⁻¹, NULTSP= number of umbellets umbel⁻¹, SYP= seed yield plant⁻¹ SYPH= seed yield (kg ha⁻¹), TSW= thousand seed weight (g), EOC= Essential oil content (%), ORC= oleoresin content (%).

Figure 1. Correlation of different traits included.

Abbreviations are as presented under Table 3.

Data availability statement

The data that supports the findings of this study can be made available upon reasonable request.