Decoding the complexity of sustainable rice farming: a systematic review of critical determining factor of farmers’ sustainable practices adoption

Figures & data

Table 1. Protocol inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Criterion	Eligibility	Exclusion
Literature type	Journal/Book Chapter	Book Series, Books, Conference Proceeding
Language	English	Non-English
Timeline	Between 2006 and 2023	<2006
Type of data	Primary Data	Secondary Data, Panel Series, Systematic Review
Crop type	Rice, Paddy	Legumes & Beans, Non-Food Crop Cassava, Yam, Potato, Plantain
Unit of analysis	Farmers	Non-farmers

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram for identification of articles in the review..

Figure 2. Map of countries where the studies are located.

Figure 3. Research design reported in the studies.

Figure 4. Sustainable production approach reported in the studies.

Table 2. Major components and theoretical perspective identified in the thematic analysis.

Component	Theoretical perspective	Authors
Individual	Innovation diffusion	(Arsil et al., 2022)
		(Shah et al., 2016)
	Technology Acceptance Model	(Zaman et al., 2023)
		(Gong et al., 2022)
		(Manalo et al., 2022)
		(Ashoori et al., 2019)
		(Ashari et al., 2018)
		(Abdollahzadeh et al., 2017)
	Theory of Planned Behaviour	(Jiang et al., 2022)
		(Valizadeh et al., 2023)
		(Li et al., 2021)
	Theory of Planned Behaviour and Technology Acceptance Model (Integration)	(Dong et al., 2022)
		(Xiang & Guo, 2023)
	Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology	(Nguyen et al., 2023)
	Utility Theory – Multiple Factors	(Chen & Chen, 2022)
		(Rosenberg et al., 2022)
		(Hayat et al., 2022)
		(Sujianto et al., 2022)
		(Hoang, 2021)
		(Mao et al., 2021)
		(Hayat et al., 2020)
		(Suwanmaneepong et al., 2020)
		(Xiong & He, 2020)
		(Digal & Placencia, 2019)
		(Tsinigo & Behrman, 2017)
		(Nadaf Fahmideh et al., 2017)
		(Yokouchi & Saito, 2016)
		(Srisopaporn et al., 2015)
		(Devi et al., 2014)
	Utility Theory – Risk	(Kyire et al., 2023)
		(Ambali et al., 2021)
		(Salaisook et al., 2020)
		(Mahdavi et al., 2020)
		(Mishra et al., 2018)
Institutional/Structural	Institutional Theory	(Suwanmaneepong et al., 2023)
		(Upendram et al., 2023)
		(Shi et al., 2023)
		(Ho et al., 2022)
		(Connor et al., 2021)
		(Hayat et al., 2020)
		(Emmanuel et al., 2016)
		(Wiredu et al., 2015)
		(Pattanapant & Shivakoti, 2014)
Social	Social Learning theory	(Ferrer et al., 2023)
	Social Network Theory	(Mohankumar et al., 2023)
		(Mamiit et al., 2021)
		(Le et al., 2020)
		(Walisinghe et al., 2017)

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