Phenotype diversity and relationship among kopyor coconut in Jember Regency, Indonesia

Figures & data

Table 1. The number of kopyor coconut in each sub-district, Jember Regency.

Sub-district	Types	The number of kopyor coconut
Wuluhan	Tall and dwarf kopyor coconut	180
Ambulu	Tall and dwarf kopyor coconut	30
Gumuk Mas	Tall kopyor coconut	77

Figure 1. Map of kopyor coconut distribution in Wuluhan, Ambulu and Gumuk Mas sub-districts, Jember, East Java, Indonesia.

Figure 2. The variability crown and stem base shape of kopyor coconut.

Figure 3. The heterogeneity of shape and color of petiole, inflorescence, and fruit of kopyor coconut.

Figure 4. Endosperm diversity of kopyor coconut.

Table 2. Average, standard deviation, diversity of coefficient and minimum–maximum value of kopyor coconut.

Trait	Dwarf kopyor coconut				Tall kopyor coconut
	Mean	Standard deviation	Diversity coefficient	Min–max	Mean	Standard deviation	Diversity coefficient	Min–max
Stem
Stem girth at 20 cm (bole)	132.95	33.05	24.86	86–191	127.90	20.06	15.68	93–158
Stem girth at 1.5 m	89.05	24.43	27.43	71–166	112.70	27.64	24.52	87–179
Plant height (m)	5.28	1.81	34.18	3.2–8.7	11.75	1.96	16.68	8.6–15.7
Leaf
Petiole length (cm)	101.20	15.75	15.56	70–134	127.70	19.70	15.43	79–159
Lamina length (cm)	347.95	42.38	12.18	274–431	398.65	46.61	11.69	301–467
Petiole thickness(cm)	3.10	0.29	9.48	2.7-3.7	3.05	0.33	10.82	2.5-3.8
Petiole width (cm)	7.05	0.57	8.07	6.1–8.0	7.57	0.73	9.69	5.6–8.4
Number of leaves	21.80	2.91	13.36	18–29	24.40	2.66	10.92	19–29
Number of leaflets	185.80	11.93	6.42	170–200	218.40	15.45	7.07	195–245
Leaf width (cm)	5.19	0.76	14.67	3.5–6.2	5.70	0.41	7.22	4.95–6.47
Leaf length (cm)	121.89	11.24	9.22	95.75–148.00	130.93	13.83	10.56	105.75–153.00
Flower
Length of peduncle (cm)	21.23	5.39	25.41	16–33	23.41	6.46	27.59	14–34
Length of inflorescence (cm)	34.20	5.85	17.12	25–47	39.69	5.17	13.03	32–50
Width of peduncle (cm)	4.21	0.59	14.09	2.8-5.4	3.68	0.37	10.11	3.1–4.3
Thickness of peduncle (cm)	2.43	0.42	17.25	1.7-3.5	2.61	0.29	10.96	2.3-3.5
Number of female flowers	22.75	10.49	46.12	15–48	19.30	6.38	33.03	12–38
Number of spikelets	40.00	5.44	13.60	32–49	41.05	2.91	7.09	35–46
Length of spikelet (cm)	39.43	4.71	11.95	30.3–43.7	40.00	4.11	10.28	32.33–47.67
Fruit
Number of bunches	7.10	1.83	25.81	4–11	7.85	0.93	11.89	6–9
Number of fruit per bunch	5.55	1.90	34.32	3–11	6.45	1.28	19.79	4–8
Number of kopyor fruit per bunch	1.65	0.99	59.88	1–5	1.80	0.62	34.20	1–3
Kopyor fruit percentage (%)	29.00	0.08	28.76	17–45	28.00	0.08	30.15	14.29–42.86
Whole fruit weight (g)	1689.80	498.22	29.48	1040–1669	2162.45	633.52	29.30	1327–3492
Polar fruit circumference (cm)	57.49	5.25	9.13	45.7–73.4	62.81	3.51	5.59	54.3–69
Equatorial fruit circumference (cm)	50.47	5.09	10.09	43–64.7	57.98	4.56	7.86	46.7–63.8
Polar fruit length (cm)	21.14	1.69	8.02	17.1–23.4	21.23	2.00	9.43	14.5–23.9
Equatorial fruit length (cm)	16.00	1.84	11.53	13.5–21.4	18.60	1.28	6.91	15.9–20.4
Fruit weight without husk (g)	937.75	260.31	27.76	594–1682	1029.2	266.72	25.92	527–1476
Fruit weight without husk and water (g)	546.00	107.52	19.69	399–832	638.00	138.76	21.75	447–830
Meat/endosperm weight (g)	292.85	59.47	20.31	229–413	314.80	86.80	27.57	178–465

Table 3. Rainfall data in 2018 to 2019 in Jember.

Month	The amount of rainfall (mm)
	2018			2019
	Wuluhan	Ambulu	Gumuk Mas	Wuluhan	Ambulu	Gumuk Mas
January	296	456	328	204	217	292
February	233	320	287	233	320	287
March	70	81	145	70	81	245
April	201	180	324	40	42	97
May	50	27	18	5	11	0
June	5	9	11	6	6	9
July	0	0	2	0	0	0
August	5	6	6	0	0	0
September	0	0	2	0	0	1
October	0	0	0	0	0	0
November	118	149	195	21	33	18
December	297	310	314	21	33	18
Average*	106.25	128.2	136	50	61.92	80.6
Total/year	1275	1538	1632	600	743	967

Source: Department of Public Works Irrigation Regency of Jember. *dry month < 60 mm, humid month 60-100 mm, and wet month > 100 mm.

Figure 5. Interval plot of flower and fruit indices in and between dwarf and tall kopyor coconuts.

Table 4. Trait indices in and between dwarf and tall kopyor coconuts.

Kopyor coconut types	Trait index
	Stem	Leaf	Flower	Fruit
GKK	161.90^a	47.90^d	57.09^a	1151.70^b
GHK	117.90^b	222.77^c	35.83^b	1298.00^b
DKK	3.60^c	285.04^b	42.44^b	1227.40^b
DHK	142.69^ab	353.52^a	55.39^a	1457.00^b
DCK	141.06^ab	230.37^c	−20.42^c	1826.80^a

GKK: yellow dwarf kopyor; GHK: green dwarf kopyor; DKK: yellow tall kopyor; DHK: green tall kopyor; DCK: brown tall kopyor. Different lowercase letters in each column indicate significant difference at P < 0.05.

Figure 6. Phylogenetic relationship tree based on morphological character of kopyor coconut. GKK: yellow dwarf kopyor; GHK: green dwarf kopyor; DHK: green tall kopyor; DKK: yellow tall kopyor; DCK: brown tall kopyor.