Factors influencing growth of micro entrepreneurship in the hospitality industry: An empirical study in India

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research conceptual framework.

Source: Hussain et al. (2013): Factors Affecting the Growth of Enterprises: A Survey of the Literature from the Perspective of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises.

Table 1. Frequency distribution for demographic characteristics of the entrepreneurs in the hospitality sector (n = 250)

Variable	Category	Frequency	Percent
Position	Hotel owner	233	93.2
	Hotel manager	7	6.8
Gender	Male	245	98.0
	Female	5	2.0
Age	<25 years	13	5.2
	26–35	49	19.6
	36–45	55	22.0
	46–55	98	39.2
	Above 55 years	35	14.0
Marital status	Married	211	84.4
	Unmarried	39	15.6
Educational qualification	Primary school	44	17.6
	Secondary school	32	12.8
	Certificate/Diploma	39	15.6
	Undergraduate	82	32.8
	Postgraduate	53	21.2
Area of specialization	Management/Business Administration	58	23.2
	Technical/Engineering	52	20.8
	Tourism/Hospitality	1	0.4
	Others/Not related	139	55.6
Languages known	One	49	19.6
	Two	158	63.2
	Three or more	43	17.2
Working experience	Tourism/Hotel management	15	6.0
	Restaurant management	1	0.4
	Management/Administration	132	52.8
	Others	102	40.8
Year of establishment	Before 2000	3	1.2
	2000–2010	69	27.6
	2010–2019	178	71.2
Source of capital	Personal/Family saving	53	21.2
	Bank loan	169	67.6
	Private loan	28	11.2
Type of property	Personal property	191	76.4
	Rented property	59	23.6
Cost of the project	<1 Crore	146	58.4
	>1 Crore and < 2 Crore	91	36.4
	>2 Crore	13	5.2
Nature of ownership	Single ownership	189	75.6
	Partnership	61	24.4
Expecting years of break-even point	0–5 years	185	74.0
	6–10 years	57	22.8
	11–15 years	8	3.2
Reasons responsible for delay	Non availability of finance	46	18.4
	Lack of motivation	72	28.8
	Fear of failure	10	4.0
	Lack of family support	58	23.2
	Lack of entrepreneurial skill	11	4.4
	Fear of competition	42	16.8
	Other reasons	11	4.4
Business season	April—July	148	59.2
	July—October	8	3.2
	October—March	94	37.6

Table 2. Independent sample t-test between gender and internal and external factors of entrepreneurs in hospitality sector

Factors	Gender	M	SD	t	p	Accepted/Rejected
Motive	Female	4.22	.516	4.040	.000	Rejected *
	Male	4.02	.561
Issues and challenges	Female	4.17	.464	3.113	.016	Accepted
	Male	4.02	.570
Socio-Economic	Female	4.19	.494	3.108	.002	Rejected*
	Male	4.04	.538
Financial	Female	4.16	.530	2.673	.008	Accepted
	Male	4.02	.599
Enterpreneurial growth and development	Female	4.07	.576	2.096	.037	Accepted
	Male	3.94	.700

Ho: Respondents with different gender have same opinion towards the factor entrepreneurs in hospitality sector.

Table 3. One way ANOVA between the age group of the respondents and the factors (motives, issues and challenges, government-related problems and strategies) of entrepreneurs in hospitality sector

Factor	Age	Sum of squares	Mean square	F	Sig.	Null hypothesis
Motive	Between groups	313.948	78.487	2.760	. 028	Accepted
Factor	Within groups	6966.196	28.433
	Total	7280.144
Issues and challenges	Between groups	894.006	223.501	11.336	. 000*	Rejected*
	Within groups	4830.430	19.716
	Total	5724.436
Socio -Economic problems	Between groups	42.544	10.636	1.722	. 146	Accepted
	Within groups	1513.056	6.176
	Total	1555.600
Financial	Between groups	706.732	176.683	17.705	. 000	Rejected*
	Within groups	2444.868	9.979
	Total	3151.600
Entrepreneurial growth and development	Between groups	315.732	79.683	3.750	. 032	Accepted
	Within groups	6866.166	27.453
	Total	7480.164

Ho: Different age groups of respondents have same opinion towards the factor of hospitality sector.

Table 4. One-way ANOVA between of the level of education of respondents and the factors (motives, issues and challenges, government-related problems and strategies) of entrepreneurs in hospitality sector

Factor	Level of education	Sum of squares	Mean square	F	Sig.	Null hypothesis
Motive factor	Between groups	656.764	164.191	6. 073	.000	Rejected*
	Within groups	6623.380	27.034
	Total	7280.144
Issues and challenges	Between groups	487.476	121.869	5. 701	.000	Rejected*
	Within groups	5236.960	21.375
	Total	5724.436
Socio-Economic problems	Between groups	27.564	6.891	1.105	.355	Accepted
	Within groups	1528.036	6.237
	Total	1555.600
Financial	Between groups	225.897	56.474	4.729	.001	Rejected*
	Within groups	2925.703	11.942
	Total	3151.600
Entrepreneurial growth and development	Between groups	754.864	174.181	7. 073	.001	Rejected*
	Within groups	7663.380	37.054
	Total	7980.154

Ho: Different educational levels of respondents have same opinion towards the factor of hospitality sector.

Table 5. To influence a research model of small business operators with motives to overcome the challenges and engaging them in hospitality sector is proposed

Model summary
R	R Square	Adjusted R square	Std. error of the estimate
.627^a	.538	.790	.28157
^a Predictors: (Constant), Motive, Issues and Challenges, Socio-Economic, Financial

Ho: To identify the factors which are highly influencing the growth and development of entrepreneurship.

Hussain, S. F., Nazir, T., Zaman, K., & Shabir, M. (2013). Factors affecting the growth of enterprises: A survey of the literature from the perspective of small and medium sized enterprise. Journal of Enterprise Transformation, 3(2), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2011.650282

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