Role of rural women on the agritourism entrepreneurial behavior in Tunisia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual model.

Table 1. Model paths result

Hypothesis	Estimate	P	R	Results
H1. Entrepreneurial motivation -> Entrepreneurial attitude	0.760	-	0.763	Accepted
H2. Entrepreneurial motivation —> Entrepreneurial intention	0.735	-	0.533	Accepted
H3. Entrepreneurial motivation —> Behavioral control	0.201	***	0.324	Accepted
H4. Entrepreneurial risk-taking—> Entrepreneurial attitude	0.334	***	0.420	Accepted
H5. Entrepreneurial risk-taking —> Entrepreneurial intention	0.561	***	0.150	Accepted
H6. Entrepreneurial risk-taking —> Behavioral control	0.598	-	0.336	Accepted
H7. Proactive personality —> Entrepreneurial attitude	0.223	0.862	0.600	Accepted
H8. Proactive personality —> Entrepreneurial intention	0.452	***	−0.130	Rejected
H9. Proactive personality —> Behavioral control	0.781	0.274	−0.142	Rejected
H10. Entrepreneurial attitude —> Entrepreneurial intention	0.354	-	0.353	Accepted
H11. Behavioral control —> Entrepreneurial intention	0.398	***	0.576	Accepted
H12. Behavioral control —> Entrepreneurial behavior	0.487	***	0.322	Accepted
H13. Entrepreneurial intention —> Entrepreneurial behavioral	0.491	***	0.221	Accepted

P< 0/001*** P< 0/01** P< 0/05*

Table A1. Item of all constructs

Concepts	Items	Authors
Entrepreneurial motivation	Starting a business in agritourism helps you to make money and become rich. Starting a business in agritourism is mainly to achieve financial success. Starting a business in agritourism is to advance your career in the business world. Starting a business in agritourism is to be able to signal your capabilities to others. Starting a business in agritourism is solving a specific problem for a group of people you strongly identify with. Starting a business in agritourism is to play a proactive role with the companion of guests. Starting a business in agritourism is to meet the needs of leisure that the government encourages with its tax incentives. Starting a business in agritourism is to do something that allows you to enact values that are core to who you are. Starting a business in agritourism helps you to solve a societal problem that government encourages with its new programs. Starting a business in agritourism is to define an image of the entrepreneur. Starting a business in agritourism is to be an entrepreneurial innovator. A business in agritourism helps the ability to take responsibility for solving a problem.	Bartha et al. (2019)
Proactive personality	I enjoy facing and overcoming obstacles to my ideas. Nothing is more exciting than seeing my ideas turn into reality. I excel at identifying opportunities. I can spot a good opportunity long before others can.	Munir et al. (2019)
Risk-taking	I am willing to involve in ventures that benefit society. I am willing to take risks for the benefit of society. I am willing to make sacrifices for the welfare of society. I believe that all individuals should be willing to take risks for the welfare of society. I tend to act/work actively to solve the socioeconomic problems in society.	Tu et al. (2021)
Entrepreneurial attitude	I get irritated when I think about the damage caused by pollution to our lives. I feel frustrated and get annoyed when I think about the pollution caused by companies. I am interested in reading articles related to organic products. I always read the labels on organic products and evaluate their ingredients.	Barba-Sánchez V. et al. (2022)
Behavioral control	It would be easy for me to create and keep a company in business. I can control the creation process of a new company. I know enough practical details to start a company. I know how to develop an entrepreneurial project. If I tried to start a business, I would have a high chance of success.	Barba-Sánchez V. et al. (2022)
Entrepreneurial intention	I prefer to be an entrepreneur rather than to be an employee of a company. My professional goal is to become an entrepreneur. I will make every effort to start and run my own firm. I am determined to create a firm in the future. I have very serious thoughts about starting my own firm. I have the firm intention to start a firm someday	Munir et al. (2019)
Entrepreneurial behavior	I have experience in starting new projects or businesses. I am capable of developing a business plan. I know how to start a new business. I know how to do market research. I have invested in an informal manner in some businesses. I belong to a social network that can promote my business.	Gieure et al. (2020) and qualitative study

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