Influence factors on sustainable business models for renewable energy supply: Indonesian electricity industry

Figures & data

Figure 1. Trend of business model research.

Figure 2. Sustainable business model framework.

Figure 3. Step of Delphi method.

Table 1. Delphi Likert scale.

Scale	Important/influential intensity
1	Not important/not influential
2	Less important/less influential
3	Moderately important/has moderate influence
4	Important/influential
5	Very important/very influential

Figure 4. Mapping influence factors to sustainable business model strategies in renewable energy electricity supply.

Table 2. Definition of influence factor.

Dimension	Criteria	Sub Criteria	Definition
Value delivery	Key partnership	Availability of renewable energy providers	Availability of PLN partners in supplying renewable energy in Indonesia
		Renewable energy ownership	Clear asset ownership and renewable energy attribution claim
		Availability government policy for renewable energy services	There is a government policy that regulates the supply of renewable energy
	Key activities	Reliability supply	Availability of renewable energy sources to provide clean electricity supplies
		Direct distribution supply	The level of possibility in direct renewable energy electricity supply
		Green energy usage transparency	Availability of transparent monitoring of renewable energy electricity usage
	Key resources	Renewable energy infrastructure	Availability of assets in the form of renewable energy sources and electricity network infrastructure to supply renewable electricity to customers
		Certification and attributes claim	Availability of attribution rights for renewable energy production
		Technology and data security	Availability of digital technology in renewable energy devices and ensuring the security of data obtained from this technology
Value creation	Customer segment	Number of potential customer	Potential market needs related to renewable energy supply for industry and business
		Global market requirement	Conformity of renewable energy products or services to global market requirements and qualifications
		Product / service limited	The disparity between the demand and supply of renewable energy suggests that it possesses the capacity to assume a scarce commodity status and is sought after by a substantial number of consumers.
	Customer relationship	Customer loyalty	There is a program to increase consumer loyalty to use the renewable energy products or services used
		Co-branding	Opportunities to establish strategic marketing partnerships through green energy labels with customers
		After sales services	Availability of after-sales services specifically to serve renewable energy customers
	Channel	Direct sales	The marketing process involves making offers and sales directly to customers
		Sustainability collaboration	Marketing strategies delivered through collaborative actions across companies or global affiliates to customers
		Sustainability organization	Marketing strategy through organizations that focus on sustainability and green energy action activities.
Value proposition	Economic	Price competitiveness	The price offered is a competitive price for customers compared to other alternatives
		Energy efficiency	The benefits provided provide efficiency value for energy use
		Indirect benefit	The products or services offered provide benefits in reducing or eliminating costs for activities resulting from operational activities such as emissions or waste produced
	Social culture	Energy accessibility	Providing benefits to the community so that they can also get access to electricity from clean energy
		Energy affordability	Providing benefits to the community so that they get affordable electricity prices from clean energy
		Social welfare	Providing benefits in the form of improving welfare to the surrounding community
	Ecological	Sustainability goals	Providing benefits for customers in achieving business sustainability goals
		Environmental impact	Providing benefits to customers in an effort to preserve the surrounding environment
		Regulatory compliance	Providing benefits for customers in an effort to fulfill aspects of compliance with regulations regulated by the government and global markets
Value capture	Cost structure	Production cost	The expenses associated with the operation of delivering power provision
		Investment cost	The expenses associated with investment or capital expenditures (capex) that are accrued during the establishment of renewable energy facilities.
		Attributes cost	Expenses incurred as a result of attribute rights or certificates granted by external entities.
	Revenue stream	Profitability	The products or services offered provide large profit contributions.
		Recurring income	The products or services offered provide recurring revenue or continuous income
		Volume of sales	This demand has the potential for high customer volume

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.