Psychological empowerment as moderator of the relationship between core self-evaluation and proactive work behaviour

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework.

Table 1. Mean, standard deviation, alpha, and zero-order correlation of the variables studied.

				Α	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
		x¯	SD
1	Gender	1.50	0.50		1
2	Age	33.49	9.87		−0.26**	1
3	CSE	2.66	0.58	0.85	−0.07	0.01	1
4	PE	5.58	1.00	0.94	−0.01	−0.01	−0.16*	1
5	PWB	3.67	0.62	0.74	−0.15*	−0.004	−0.13*	0.31**	1
6	PPB	3.87	0.71	0.74	−0.02	−0.02	−0.19**	0.22**	0.49**	1
7	IIB	3.57	0.73	0.90	−0.08	−0.01	−0.12	0.34**	0.61**	0.40**	1
8	VB	3.73	0.73	0.82	0.01	−0.09	−0.22**	0.31**	0.61**	0.36**	0.50**	1
9	TCB	3.73	0.82	0.85	−0.08	−0.12	−0.16**	0.33**	0.64**	0.31**	0.44**	0.52**

Note: CSE = Core-self-evaluation; PE = Psychological empowerment; PWB = Proactive work behaviour; PPB = Problem prevention behaviour; IIB = Individual innovation behaviour; VB = Voice Behaviour; TCB = Taking charge behaviour; ** < 0.015; * < 0.05 (two-tailed).

Table 2. CSE, PE, and PWB relationships.

	B	Se	t	P
CSE	−0.13 [−0.25, 0.00]	0.06	−1.05	0.05
PE	0.24 [0.16, 0.32]	0.04	56.04	0.001
CSE × PE	0.26 [0.15, 0.38]	0.04	4.46	0.001
	R = 0.47; R^2 = 0.22; PC^2 (CSE) = 0.01, PC^2 (PE) = 0.10

Note: CSE = Core-self-evaluation; PE = Psychological empowerment; PC² =Part correlation squared.

Figure 2. (a) Interaction effect of core self-evaluation and psychological empowerment on proactive work behaviour. (b) Effect of the interaction of core self-evaluation and psychological empowerment on individual innovative behaviour. (c) Effect of the interaction between core self-evaluation and psychological well-being on voice behaviour. (d) Effect of the interaction of core self-evaluation and psychological empowerment on taking charge behaviour.

Table 3. CSE, PE, and PPB relationships.

	β	Se	t	P
CSE	−0.20 [−0.37, −0.03]	.09	−2.32	0.02
PE	0.15 [0.04, 0.25]	0.05	2.80	0.01
CSE × PE	0.06 [−0.09, 0.21]	.08	0.76	0.45
	R = 0.27; R^2 = 0.08; PC^2 (CSE) = 0.02, PC^2 (PE) = 0.03

Note: CSE = Core-self-evaluation; PE = Psychological empowerment; PC² = Part correlation squared.

Table 4. CSE, PE, and IIB Relationship.

	β	Se	t	P
CSE	−0.10 [−0.25, 0.06]	0.08	−1.25	0.21
PE	0.30 [0.20, 0.39]	0.05	6.12	0.001
CSE × PE	0.37 [0.23, 0.51]	0.07	5.20	0.001
	R = 0.47; R^2 = 0.22; PC^2, (CSE) = 0.004, PC^2 (PE) = 0.10

Note: CSE = Core-self-evaluation; PE = Psychological empowerment; PC² = Part correlation squared.

Table 5. CSE, PE, and VB relationship.

	β	Se	t	P
CSE	−0.20 [−0.38, −0.02]	0.09	−2.22	0.03
PE	0.31 [0.20, 0.42]	0.06	2.45	0.001
CSE × PE	0.26 [0.10, 0.42]	0.08	3.14	0.001
	R = 0.44, R^2 = 0.19, PC^2, (CSE) = 0.03, PC^2 (PE) = 0.06

Note: CSE = Core-self-evaluation; PE = Psychological empowerment; PC² =Part correlation squared.

Table 6. CSE, PE, and TCB relationship.

	β	Se	T	P
CSE	−0.17 [−0.34, 0.00]	0.05	−1.99	0.05
PE	0.30 [0.19, 0.41]	0.05	5.54	0.001
CSE × PE	0.24 [0.08, 0.40]	0.08	2.92	0.001
	R = 0.40, R^2 = 0.16, PC^2 (CSE) = 0.01, PC2 (PE) = 0.09

Note: CSE = Core-self Evaluation; PE = Psychological Empowerment; PC² =Part Correlation Squared.

Data availability statement

Data from this manuscript is available upon request from the authors.