Mediating effect of corporate sustainability on corporate governance and performance of banks in Ghana: a post banking crisis perspective

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework.

Source: Researcher’s construct, 2023.

Table 1. Measurement and operational definition of variables.

Research Variables	Measures/Indicators	Measurement of the Variables
Independent Variables
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	Board Composition	Directors of the board with the requisite and diverse professional qualification and expertise
	Board Independence	Non-executive director chairs the board with majority of directors being non-executive directors
	Board Gender Diversity	Fair representation of females on the board and their equitable role in leadership and managerial roles
	Audit Committee	Non-executive director chairs the committee with majority of directors being non-executive directors and the presence of accounting and finance experts on the committee
	Directors’ Training	Relevant periodic training for directors
Dependent Variable
BANK PERFORMANCE	Financial Performance	Growth of bank profit and growth of bank revenue
	Operating Performance	Increased resources, infrastructure and operational capacity
	Market Performance	Share appreciation and competitiveness
Mediating Variable
BANK SUSTAINABILITY	Economic Sustainability	Market development, economic value distribution, financial inclusion and literacy
	Social Sustainability	Corporate social responsibility, employment, employee rights, development and safety
	Environmental Sustainability	Investment in environmental protection, energy, waste and sanitation management

Source: Researcher’s Construct, 2023.

Table 2. Factor loading, internal reliability and convergent validity.

	CORPGOV	BANKPERF	BANKSUST	CA	CR	AVE
AUDC	0.897
BGD	0.659
BI	0.751			0.835	0.881	0.645
BOC	0.836
DT	0.851
FP		0.880
MP		0.861		0.861	0.915	0.783
OPF		0.912
ECOS			0.861
ENVSP			0.838	0.817	0.891	0.732
SOSP			0.867

Source: Field work, 2023.

Table 3. Discriminant validity- Fornell and Larcker criterion.

	BANKPERF	BANKSUST	CORPGOV
BANKPERF	0.885
BANKSUST	0.823	0.855
CORPGOV	0.581	0.638	0.803

Source: Field work, 2023.

Table 4. Discriminant validity - Heterotrait -monorait ratio (HTMT).

	BANKPERF	BANKSUST
BANKPERF
BANKSUST	0.899
CORPGOV	0.659	0.733

Source: Field work, 2023.

Table 5. Indicator multicollinearity.

	VIF
AUDC	3.175
BGD	1.589
BI	2.037
BOC	2.304
DT	2.409
FP	2.178
MP	2.022
OPF	2.603
ECOS	1.761
ENVSP	1.757
SOSP	1.963

Source: Field work, 2023.

Figure 2. Structural equation model (Goodness of fit model).

Source: Field work, 2023.

Table 6. Goodness fit.

	R Square	R Square Adjusted
BANKPERF	0.682	0.680

Source: Field work, 2023.

Table 7. Direct relationship result.

	Beta Coefficient	Standard Deviation	T Statistics	P Values
H1: CORPGOV -> BANKPERF	0.093	0.076	1.237	0.217
H2: BANKSUST -> BANKPERF	0.763	0.053	14.319	0.000

Source: Field work, 2023.

Table 8. Mediation analysis result.

Total effect (CG-BP)		Direct effect (CG- BP)			The indirect effect of (CG – BP)
Coefficient	P Value	Coefficient	P Value		Coefficient	SD	T Value	P Value	BI[2.5%;97.5%]
0.581	.000	0.093	0.217	H3: CG > BS > BP	0.487	0.048	10.167	.000	0.415 0.612

Source: Field work, 2023.

Data availability statement

Data is available on request from the authors.