Entrepreneurial orientation, business performance, and traditional leadership style

Figures & data

Table 1. Measurements.

No	Variable	Indicators	Scale
1	Minangkabau Universal Leadership	Preserving mutual legacy/ inheritance Protecting the dignity of the clan/ society Exemplary Guiding in monotheism and worship Developing science Implementing science Charismatic Visionary Inspirational Kinship	Likert (1-5)
2	Entrepreneurial Orientation	Innovation Proactive Risk-taking	Likert (1-5)
3	Business Performance	Sales Net sales Market share Customer Customer Satisfaction	Likert (1-5)

Table 2. Fornell-Larcker criterion.

		Minangkabau Universal Leadership	Business Performance	Entrepreneurial Orientation
Minangkabau Universal Leadership		0,814
Business Performance		0,691	0,826
Entrepreneurial Orientation		0,790	0,764	0,910

Figure 1. Research model.

Table 3. Square root of average (AVE).

	AVE
Minangkabau Universal Leadership	0.662
Business Performance	0.682
Entrepreneurial Orientation	0.828

Table 4. Composite reliability.

	Composite Reliability
Minangkabau Universal Leadership	0.946
Business Performance	0.915
Entrepreneurial Orientation	0.935

Table 5. R-square.

	R-square
Minangkabau Universal Leadership	0.605
Entrepreneurial Orientation	0.626

Table 6. Inner model.

Direct Effect
	Original Sample (O)	Sample Mean (M)	Standard Deviation (STDEV)	T Statistics
					P Values
MUL - Business Performance	0.233	0.231	0.080	2.917	0.04
MUL – Entrepreneurial Orientation	0.790	0.788	0.038	20.680	0.000
Entrepreneurial Orientation – Business Performance	0.580	0.585	0.070	8.339	0.000

Table 7. Indirect effects.

	Original Sample (O)	Sample Mean	Standard Deviation	T Statistics	P Values
MUL – Entrepreneurial Orientation – Business Performance	0.458	0.461	0.060	7.612	0.000