A conceptual framework for the work–life balance of police officers: a post-COVID-19 perspective

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA flow chart for Identification of research gap on work/life balance.

Source: Moher et al. (2009) and Author’s work.

Figure 2. PRISMA flow chart for identifying the variables for conceptual framework of police officers.

Source: Moher et al. (2009) and Author’s work.

Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion parameters for identifying the research gap.

Inclusion criterion	Exclusion criterion
Articles from business and management, psychology and social sciences subjects were included.	Articles from the subjects which are not in the inclusion criterion.
Review papers	Empirical papers
Papers published in English language	Books, dissertations, book reviews and conference proceedings
	Papers published other than in English language

Source: Singh et al. (2022) and Author’s work.

Table 2. Inclusion and exclusion parameters for identifying the variables for conceptual framework.

Inclusion Criterion	Exclusion criterion
Articles from business and management, psychology and social sciences subjects were included.	Articles from the subjects which are not in the inclusion criterion.
Research papers	Papers published other than in English language
Only papers published in English language	Books, dissertations, book reviews and conference proceedings
In accessible articles to identify the variables for conceptual framework keywords like “Work”, “Life”, “Work/life” and “Work/family” were used.	Review papers

Source: Singh et al. (2022) and Author’s work.

Figure 3. Illustration of conceptual framework.

Source: Author’s work.

Table

Sl. No	Questions	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly agree
	Work/life balance	1	2	3	4	5
1	My personal life does not suffer because of work.
2	My job does not make my personal life difficult.
3	I do not neglect personal needs because of work.
4	I do not put personal life on hold for work.
5	I do not miss personal activities because of work.
6	I do not struggle to juggle work and non-work.
7	I am happy with the amount of time for non-work activities.
8	My personal life does not drains me of energy for work.
9	I am not too tired to be effective at work.
10	My work does not suffer because of my personal life.
11	It is not hard to work because of personal matters.
12	My personal life gives me energy for my job.
13	My job gives me energy to pursue personal activities.
14	I have better mood at work because of personal life.
15	I have better mood because of my job.
	Resilience	1	2	3	4	5
16	I tend to bounce back quickly after hard times.
17	I have a hard time making it through stressful events*.
18	It does not take me long to recover from a stressful event.
19	It is hard for me to snap back when something bad happens*.
20	I usually come through difficult times with little trouble.
21	I tend to take a long time to get over set-backs in my life*.

*Items are reversed.

Table

Sl. No.	Questions	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Slightly disagree	Neither agree or disagree	Slightly agree	Agree	Strongly agree
	Job satisfaction	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
22	All in all, I am satisfied with the work of my job.
23	All in all, I am satisfied with my co-workers.
24	All in all, I am satisfied with the supervision.
25	All in all, I am satisfied with my pay (total wages and tips).
26	All in all, I am satisfied with the promotional opportunities.
	Emotional Intelligence
27	I have a good sense of why I have certain feelings most of the time.
28	I have good understanding of my own emotions.
29	I really understand what I feel.
30	I always know whether or not I am happy.
31	I always know my friends’ emotions from their behaviour.
32	I am a good observer of others’ emotions.
33	I am sensitive to the feelings and emotions of others.
34	I have good understanding of the emotions of people around me.
35	I always set goals for myself and then try my best to achieve them.
36	I always tell myself I am a competent person.
37	I am a self-motivated person.
38	I would always encourage myself to try my best.
39	I am able to control my temper and handle difficulties rationally.
40	I am quite capable of controlling my own emotions.
41	I can always calm down quickly when I am very angry.
42	I have good control of my own emotions.
SL.NO	Questions	Strongly agree	Agree	Disagree	Strongly disagree
	Social support	1	2	3	4
	Family and Friends support
43	I have the support I need from my family and friends when I have a personal problem.
44	I have the financial support I need from my family when I have a financial problem.
	Supervisor Support
45	My supervisor or manager is responsive to my needs when I have family or personal business to take care of – for example, medical appointments, meeting with child’s teacher, etc.
46	My supervisor or manager is understanding when I talk about personal or family issues that affect my work.
47	I feel comfortable bringing up personal or family issues with my supervisor or manager.
48	My supervisor or manager really cares about the effects that work demands have on my personal and family life
	Co-worker support
49	I have the support from coworkers that I need to do a good job.
50	I feel I am really a part of the group of people I work with.
51	I have support from coworkers that helps me to manage my work and personal or family life.
	Organisational support
52	At my place of employment, employees have to choose between advancing in their jobs or devoting attention to their family or personal lives

Moher, D.,Liberati, A.,Tetzlaff, J., &Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269, W64. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 19622511

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Singh, R., Aggarwal, S., & Sahni, S. (2022). A systematic literature review of work-life balance using ADO Model. FIIB Business Review, 12(3), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221115530

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