Influence of workplace flexibility on employee engagement among young generation

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic profiles.

Demographic Details	Frequency	Percent (%)
Gender
Male	110	59.5
Female	75	40.5
Age
Below 21	2	1.1
21 to 25	33	17.8
26 to 30	150	81.1
Highest education qualification
Foundation/Pre-U and below	9	4.9
Diploma	7	3.8
Degree/Professional paper	152	82.1
Masters	17	9.2
Marital status
Married	14	7.6
Not Married	171	92.4
Organization type
Private sector	169	91.4
Public sector	16	8.6
Years of working experience
Less than 1 year	26	14.1
1 to 3 years	64	34.6
More than 3 years but less than 5 years	80	43.2
5 years and more	15	8.1

Table 2. Bivariate correlations between variables.

	Employee Engagement	Operational Flexibility	Functional Flexibility	Workspace Flexibility	Working Time Flexibility
Employee Engagement	1
Operational Flexibility	.390**	1
Functional Flexibility	.518**	.521**	1
Workspace Flexibility	.402**	.502**	.439**	1
Working Time Flexibility	−.059	.032	.046	−.103	1

Figure 1. Framework of the study.

Figure 2. Measurement model.

Table 3. Item Statistics of Variables.

Variables / Items	Mean	Standard Deviation	Factor Loading
Working Time Flexibility (α = 0.719; CR = 0.799; AVE = 0.578)
wt1	3.716	1.227	0.609
wt2	3.568	1.265	0.696
wt4	3.532	1.250	0.937
Workspace Flexibility(α = 0.846; CR = 0.886; AVE = 0.565)
ws1	3.616	1.076	0.695
ws2	3.668	1.034	0.757
ws3	3.574	1.156	0.752
ws4	3.553	1.157	0.809
ws5	3.711	1.184	0.757
ws6	3.490	1.121	0.737
Functional Flexibility (α = 0.778; CR = 0.849; AVE = 0.533)
f1	3.011	1.247	0.780
f2	3.326	1.117	0.724
f3	3.563	1.095	0.768
f4	2.853	1.376	0.542
f5	3.168	1.188	0.804
Operational Flexibility (α = 0.865; CR = 0.902; AVE = 0.649)
o1	3.236	1.024	0.740
o2	3.131	1.181	0.811
o3	3.684	0.968	0.821
o4	3.695	1.009	0.851
o5	3.521	1.068	0.803
Employee Engagement (α = 0.925; CR = 0.938; AVE = 0.627)
EE1	3.116	0.980	0.788
EE2	3.158	0.946	0.806
EE3	3.468	1.072	0.865
EE4	3.432	1.010	0.855
EE5	2.911	1.185	0.820
EE6	3.168	1.192	0.774
EE7	3.826	0.974	0.719
EE8	3.521	1.032	0.817
EE9	3.416	1.014	0.663

Table 4. Results of discriminant validity.

	1	2	3	4	5
1. Employee Engagement	0.792
2. Functional Flexibility	0.552	0.730
3. Operational Flexibility	0.391	0.503	0.806
4. Work Time Flexibility	−0.124	−0.003	−0.005	0.760
5. Workspace Flexibility	0.403	0.448	0.499	−0.137	0.752

Figure 3. Structural model.

Table 5. Results of Hypotheses Testing.

Hypothesis	Path	Beta	t- Value	f^2	Decision
H1	WTF → EEE	−0.103	1.312	0.016	Not Supported
H2	WSF→ EEE	0.143	1.753*	0.021	Supported
H3	FNF→ EEE	0.438	5.282***	0.205	Supported
H4	OPF → EEE	0.099	1.089	0.010	Not Supported

Note. ***p < 0.001; *p < 0.05; WTF: Working Time Flexibility; WSF: Workspace Flexibility; FNF: Functional Flexibility; OPF: Operational Flexibility; EEE: Employee Engagement.

Data availability statement

Upon request.