Does workplace ostracismce lead to counterproductive work behavior in healthcare employees: the role of transactional and relational psychological contract breach

Figures & data

Table 1. Measurement scales.

Variable	Adopted from	Number of items	Exemplary items
Workplace Ostracism	(Ferris et al., 2008)	13	‘Others at work did not invite you or ask you if you wanted anything when they went out for a coffee break.’
Transactional Psychological Contract Breach	(Wang et al., 2017)	6	‘Require me to do only limited duties I was hired to perform.’
Relational Psychological Contract Breach	(Wang et al., 2017)	6	‘Wages and benefits I can count on.’
Counterproductive Work Behaviour	(Bennett & Robinson, 2000)	12	‘I deliberately worked slower than I could.’

Figure 1. Research framework.

Figure 2. Gender of respondents.

Figure 3. Experience of respondents.

Figure 4. Age of respondents.

Figure 5. SEM model.

Table 2. Descriptive summary.

	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Deviation	Skewness
	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Std. Error
WOC	1.00	5.00	3.4130	1.05804	−.595	.134
TPS	1.20	5.00	3.4349	.97559	−.409	.134
RPS	1.20	5.40	3.3139	.97741	−.326	.134
CPB	1.00	5.00	3.2538	1.04184	−.320	.134

WOC = Workplace ostracism, TPS = Transactional psychological contract, RPS = Relational psychological contract, CPB = Counterproductive behavior.

Table 3. Reliability analysis.

	Cronbach’s alpha	Composite reliability (rho_a)	Composite reliability (rho_c)	Average variance extracted (AVE)
CWB	0.917	0.918	0.933	0.635
RPCB	0.812	0.825	0.866	0.564
TPCB	0.813	0.843	0.866	0.566
WOC	0.93	0.931	0.943	0.673

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 4. Discriminant Validity.

	CWB	RPCB	TPCB	WOC
CWB
RPCB	0.83
TPCB	0.729	0.813
WOC	0.837	0.745	0.798

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 5. VIF.

	VIF
RPCB -> CWB	2.115
TPCB -> CWB	2.624
WOC -> CWB	2.495
WOC -> RPCB	1
WOC -> TPCB	1

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 6. Cross loadings.

	CWB	RPCB	TPCB	WOC
CB1	0.729
CB2	0.76
CB3	0.814
CB4	0.79
CB5	0.825
CB6	0.852
CB7	0.83
CB8	0.768
RPS1		0.724
RPS2		0.718
RPS3		0.756
RPS4		0.77
RPS5		0.785
TPS1			0.763
TPS2			0.818
TPS3			0.77
TPS4			0.753
TPS5			0.647
WOC1				0.813
WOC2				0.848
WOC3				0.839
WOC4				0.824
WOC5				0.804
WOC6				0.834
WOC7				0.806
WOC8				0.79

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 7. R-square.

	R-square	R-square adjusted
CWB	0.698	0.695
RPCB	0.445	0.444
TPCB	0.553	0.552

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 8. F-square.

	f-square
RPCB -> CWB	0.261
TPCB -> CWB	0.002
WOC -> CWB	0.3
WOC -> RPCB	0.803
WOC -> TPCB	1.237

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 9. Model fitness.

	Saturated model	Estimated model
SRMR	0.096	0.096
d_ULS	2.764	2.761
d_G	0.983	0.995
Chi-square	1761.528	1770.906
NFI	0.721	0.719

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 10. Hypotheses testing.

	Original sample (O)	Sample mean (M)	Standard deviation (STDEV)	T statistics (|O/STDEV|)	P values
RPCB -> CWB	0.411	0.412	0.046	8.881	0
TPCB -> CWB	0.034	0.033	0.051	0.674	0.5
WOC -> CWB	0.475	0.476	0.055	8.612	0
WOC -> RPCB	0.667	0.67	0.029	22.891	0
WOC -> TPCB	0.744	0.747	0.022	34.137	0

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Table 11. Mediation analysis.

	Original sample (O)	Sample mean (M)	Standard deviation (STDEV)	T statistics (|O/STDEV|)	P values
WOC -> RPCB -> CWB	0.274	0.276	0.031	8.713	0
WOC -> TPCB -> CWB	0.025	0.025	0.038	0.669	0.503

Abbreviation: WOC = workplace ostracism, CWB = counterproductive work behavior, TPCB = transactional psychological contract breach, RPCB = relational psychological contract breach.

Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348–1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012743

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Wang, Y., Li, Z., Wang, Y., & Gao, F. (2017). Psychological contract and turnover intention: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 05(01), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2017.51003

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