A psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies scale

Figures & data

Figure 1. Distribution of the CETSCALE items responses across the study sample.

Figure 2. Product-moment correlations among the CETSCALE items (all correlations were significant at the traditional 0.05 level).

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

Item	mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
CETSCALE1	3.36	1.05	−0.02	−0.85
CETSCALE2	3.54	1.13	−0.38	−0.83
CETSCALE3	3.91	0.90	−0.59	−0.18
CETSCALE4	3.14	1.17	0.04	−0.94
CETSCALE5	2.26	1.06	0.91	0.41
CETSCALE6	2.33	1.02	0.84	0.28
CETSCALE7	2.30	1.07	0.79	0.03
CETSCALE8	2.83	1.12	0.21	−0.78
CETSCALE9	3.53	0.98	−0.32	−0.47
CETSCALE10	3.36	1.06	−0.25	−0.66
CETSCALE11	2.95	1.02	0.24	−0.54
CETSCALE12	3.25	1.06	−0.18	−0.73
CETSCALE13	3.37	1.04	−0.28	−0.57
CETSCALE14	2.22	0.96	0.91	0.74
CETSCALE15	2.66	1.12	0.36	−0.69
CETSCALE16	3.83	0.93	−0.87	0.64
CETSCALE17	3.34	1.04	0.81	0.23

Table 2. Reliability analysis.

	Cronbach’s alpha	Alpha if the item dropped
Domestic products preference	0.71*
CETSCALE1		0.66
CETSCALE2		0.64
CETSCALE3		0.65
CETSCALE9		0.64
CETSCALE16		0.72
Animosity toward foreign products	0.90**
CETSCALE5		0.87
CETSCALE6		0.87
CETSCALE7		0.87
CETSCALE8		0.89
CETSCALE14		0.88
CETSCALE15		0.89
CETSCALE17		0.88

* Feldt 95% CI (0.68, 0.74, Duhachek 95% CI (0.68, 0.75).

** Feldt 95% CI (0.88, 0.91), Duhachek 95% CI (0.88, 0.91).

Figure 3. CETSCALE scree plot of the EFA.

Table 3. Factor loadings.

	EFA Loadings
Domestic products preference
CETSCALE1	0.60
CETSCALE2	0.55
CETSCALE3	0.62
CETSCALE9	0.62
CETSCALE16	0.84
Animosity toward foreign products
CETSCALE5	0.65
CETSCALE6	0.59
CETSCALE7	0.64
CETSCALE8	0.63
CETSCALE14	0.54
CETSCALE15	0.42
CETSCALE17	0.49

Note: EFA = exploratory factor analysis.

Figure 4. Results of the CETSCALE CFA.

Table 4. Nested model comparison fit indices for the CETSCALE invariance tests.

Model	SBX^2	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	ΔSBX^2	ΔSRMR
M1
Configural	272.92	106	0.984	0.980	0.046
metric	200.99	116	0.986	0.984	0.041	10	0.001
M2
Metric	200.99	116	0.986	0.984	0.041
Scalar	224.74	126	0.984	0.983	0.043	10	0.003
M2 (modified)
Metric	124.13	116	0.986	0.984	0.041
Scalar	129.58	124	0.986	0.985	0.040	8	<0.001
M3
Scalar	210.51	124	0.986	0.985	0.040
Strict	221.44	136	0.985	0.986	0.039	12	0.003

Note: SBX² = Satorra-Bentler X², df = degrees of freedom; CFI = comparative fit index. TLI = Tucker-Lewis index, RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation, ΔSBX²= change in Satorra-Bentler X², ΔSRMR = change in root mean square error of approximation.

Figure 5. CETSCALE network (nodes represent items and edges represent connections between items).

Figure 6. CETSCALE network centrality indices (weighted network).

Figure 7. Stability of centrality indices of the CETSCALE network.

Figure 8. Community detection in the CETSCALE network using the spinglass algorithm.