From oil reliance to financial resilience: have economic sanctions made OPEC countries’ healthcare financing independent from oil?

Figures & data

Figure 1. Governments’ healthcare financing to GDP and to total government spending.

Table 1. Welch’s t-test results for means changes in governments’ healthcare financing post-sanctions actions compared to pre-sanctions actions.

Countries	p-value for government healthcare financing as % of GDP	p-value for government healthcare financing as % of total government spending
Libya (2005–2008 vs. 2000–2003)	0.10*	0.03**
Venezuela (2007–2012 vs. 2000–2005)	0.09*	0.00***
Iraq (2011–2016 vs. 2004–2009)	0.00***	0.05*
Iran (2016–2017 vs. 2013–2014)	0.33	0.68
Iran (2019–2020 vs. 2016–2017)	0.01**	0.30

*** Significance at 1% level, ** Significance at 5% level, * Significance at 10% level.