Neuromarketing algorithms’ consumer privacy and ethical considerations: challenges and opportunities

Figures & data

Table 1. List of participants’ profile.

Position	Country	Gender	Age	Academic degree	Exper. (Yrs)
Marketing Professional (large global company)	US	Female	30	MS in Global Marketing Management	8
Consumer Group Manager (large multinational)	US	Male	39	Master of Business Administration	9
Marketing Consultant	US	Female	25	MS in Global Marketing Management	4
Lecturer	US	Male	38	PhD in Marketing	5
Lecturer	US	Female	34	MS in Global Marketing Management	5
Sr. Lecturer	US	Female	54	DBA	6
Assistant Professor	US	Female	34	PhD in Marketing	8
General Manager of Neuromarketing Consultancy / Professor of Neuromarketing	Spain	Male	59	Master in Neuromarketing and Consumer Behavior	21
Professor of Neuromarketing & Consumer Behavior / Market Research Consultant	Spain	Male	63	MS in Integral Program for Managers	15
Assistant Professor	Spain	Female	54	PhD in Physics	3
Assistant Professor of Neuromarketing and Marketing	Spain	Female	40	PhD in Marketing	8
Associate Professor-Sr. Lecturer	Spain	Female	44	PhD in Marketing	7
Assistant Professor	Spain	Female	45	PhD in Marketing	7

Figure 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Flow Chart Demonstrating Search Strategy adopted using VosViewer. SOURCE: Compiled by the authors.

Figure 2. US Sample Word cloud: Data, followed by algorithms and consumer data, were the main themes with the highest co-occurrence index in the sample.

Figure 3. Spain Sample Word cloud: Ethics, followed by a concern with artificial intelligence, algorithms, guidelines, and neuromarketing, were the main themes with the highest co-occurrence index in the sample.

Figure 4. Neuromarketing and Neuroethics Bibliometric Analysis - Association of Strength.

Figure 5. Neuromarketing and Neuroethics Bibliometric Analysis - Fractionalization of total link strength.

Table 2. Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU’s violated by each ethical issue (Source: European Commission, 2016).

Article No	Fundamental Human Rights	Privacy	Bias	Autonomy & Nudging	Opacity
1	Human dignity	⎕	⎕	⎕
3	Right to the integrity of the person		⎕	⎕	⎕
7	Respect for private and family life	⎕	⎕	⎕
8	Protection of personal data	⎕	⎕		⎕
10	Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion	⎕	⎕		⎕
21	Non-discrimination		⎕	⎕	⎕
23	Equality between men and women		⎕		⎕
26	Integration of persons with Disabilities		⎕		⎕

Figure 6. Summary of Semi-Structure Interview Findings.

European Commission. (2016). General data protection regulation (GDPR). Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://gdpr.eu/

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