Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) during the post-pandemic economic recovery period: digitalization, literation, innovation, and its impact on financial performance

Figures & data

Figure 1. Structural model.

Table 1. Respondent statistics.

Characteristics	Category	Total	%
Gender	Man	5	14%
	Woman	30	86%
Age	<30 years	1	3%
	30–40 years	15	43%
	40–50 years	15	43%
	>50 years	4	11%
Educational background	SD	1	3%
	SMP	3	9%
	SMA	14	40%
	Diploma	5	14%
	S1	12	34%
Number of employees	<5 persons	31	89%
	5–10 persons	3	8%
	>10 persons	1	3%

Table 2. Descriptive statistics.

	Mean	Median	Min	Max	Standard deviation
DTEC1	2.057	2.000	1.000	3.000	0.5493
DTEC2	2.714	3.000	1.000	7.000	1.1610
DTEC3	2.571	3.000	1.000	5.000	1.0220
DORG1	2.400	2.000	1.000	5.000	0.6681
DORG2	2.829	3.000	1.000	7.000	1.4440
DENV1	2.314	3.000	1.000	4.000	0.5931
DENV2	2.600	3.000	1.000	5.000	0.6472
DENV3	2.371	3.000	1.000	5.000	0.6861
LIT1	1.657	1.000	1.000	3.000	0.5236
LIT2	1.714	2.000	1.000	3.000	0.5396
LIT3	2.314	2.000	1.000	5.000	0.6590
LIT4	1.971	2.000	1.000	3.000	0.5625
LIT5	2.400	2.000	1.000	4.000	0.5299
INN1	1.943	2.000	1.000	3.000	0.2847
INN2	1.829	2.000	1.000	4.000	0.5868
INN3	1.857	2.000	1.000	3.000	0.4736
INN4	2.029	2.000	1.000	5.000	0.6097
INN5	2.343	3.000	1.000	4.000	0.6417
INN6	2.114	2.000	1.000	3.000	0.5188
FINP	17.229	17.000	15.000	20.000	1.1970

Table 3. Validity test.

Research variables	Questions	Corrected item total correlation	Result
Digitalization	DTEC1	0.769	Valid
	DTEC2	0.665	Invalid
	DTEC3	0.644	Invalid
	DORG1	0.818	Valid
	DORG2	0.495	Invalid
	DENV1	0.781	Valid
	DENV2	0.712	Valid
	DENV3	0.570	Invalid
Literation	LIT1	0.802	Valid
	LIT2	0.929	Valid
	LIT3	0.483	Invalid
	LIT4	0.816	Valid
	LIT5	0.706	Valid
Innovation	INN1	0.214	Invalid
	INN2	0.688	Invalid
	INN3	0.857	Valid
	INN4	0.694	Invalid
	INN5	0.603	Invalid
	INN6	0.500	Invalid
Financial performance	FINP	1.000	Valid

Table 4. Discriminant validity.

	Digitalization		Literation		Innovation		Financial performance
	Cross loadings	Fornell-Larcker criterion	Cross loadings	Fornell-Larcker criterion	Cross loadings	Fornell-Larcker criterion	Cross loadings	Fornell-Larcker criterion
DENV1	0.834		0.490		0.175		−0.098
DORG1	0.906		0.552		0.218		−0.104
DTEC1	0.930	0.891	0.624	0.632	0.333	0.286	−0.044	−0.085
LIT1	0.454		0.810		0.294		−0.166
LIT2	0.530		0.914		0.462		−0.329
LIT4	0.483		0.809		0.251		−0.258
LIT5	0.592	0.632	0.750	0.823	0.439	0.459	−0.194	−0.297
INN3	0.286	0.286	0.459	0.459	1.000	1.000	−0.590	−0.590
FINP	−0.085	−0.085	−0.297	−0.297	−0.590	−0.590	1.000	1.000

Figure 2. Structural model assessment.

Table 5. Hypotheses assessment.

		T statistics	p-Values
H1	Digitalization -> Financial performance	1.636	0.108
H2	Digitalization -> Innovation	0.038	0.970
H3	Literation -> Financial performance	1.420	0.162
H4	Literation -> Innovation	2.601	0.012
H5	Innovation -> Financial performance	4.316	0.000
H6	Digitalization -> Innovation -> Financial performance	0.035	0.972
H7	Literation -> Innovation -> Financial performance	2.182	0.034

Data availability statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.