Leveraging sentiment analysis of Arabic Tweets for the 2022 FIFA World Cup insights, incorporating the gulf region

Figures & data

Table 1. Tweets collected during the 2022 FIFA World Cup in the GCC.

Country	Before the World Cup	During the World Cup	After the World Cup	Total of Tweets /country	Out of Total
Bahrain	16	89	16	121	0.3%
KSA	520	2403	319	3242	7.4%
Kuwait	94	775	99	968	2.2%
Oman	97	412	76	585	1.3%
Qatar	501	1419	254	2174	5.0%
United Arab Emirates	74	288	56	418	1.0%
NA	25116	10587	447	36150	82.8%
Total of Tweets /period of time	26418	15973	1267	43658	100.0%

Table 2. Lexicon sample.

Tweet	Lexicon sample	Emotions
ياترى كأس العالم في قطر سيلعب ام سيلغى You think the World Cup in Qatar will be played or annulled	سيلعب، سيلغى Played or annulled	Neutral
بي اروح قطر واحضر كأس العالم بس ماعندي إجازة I want to go to Qatar and attend the World Cup, but I don’t have a vacation	ابي(أبغي), بس ما عندي I want to, I don’t have	Neutral
يوم فوزنا بتنظيم كأس العالم والله قشعريرة اقسم بالله فخر فديتج قطر The Day we won in hosting the World Cup, I got goosebumps. I swear to God I felt proud. I sacrifice myself for you Qatar	فوزنا، فخر Won, Pride	Positive
يومها قطر سباقه الابداع الله يحفظهم On that day, Qatar raced with creativity, may God protect them	الابداع Creativity	Positive
يوم ممتع و جميل برفقة الوالد القائد عشتي يا قطر مجهود مرتب ومنظم تشكرون عليه An enjoyable and beautiful day accompanied by the father Leader “Long live Qatar”, a proper and organized effort. Thank you for it	ممتع، جميل، مرتب، تشكرون Enjoyable, Beautiful, Proper, Thank you	Positive
يوم قررنا نحضر كآس العالم في قطر قلتوا حرب The day we decided to prepare for the WWorld Cup you said War	حرب War	Negative
اتوقع الحرب توقف كأس العالم قطر فأل شؤم على العالم I expect the war to stop the World Cup Qatar. A bad omen for the World	الحرب، شؤم War, Omen	Negative

Figure 1. Sentiment variation for Arabic Tweets.

Figure 2. Variation of positive sentiment over time by country.

Table 3. Arabic-Tweets Sentiment by Country and period.

Arabic Tweets by country	Period	Total tweets	Negative	Neutral	Positive
Bahrain	Before World Cup	16	6.2%	68.8%	25%
	During World Cup	89	12.4%	43.8%	43.8%
	After World Cup	16	0%	31.2%	68.8%
KSA	Before World Cup	520	11.7%	49%	39.2%
	During World Cup	2403	7.4%	42.2%	50.4%
	After World Cup	319	7.8%	44.5%	47.6%
Kuwait	Before World Cup	94	11.7%	39.4%	48.9%
	During World Cup	775	3.2%	38.6%	58.2%
	After World Cup	99	7.1%	39.4%	53.5%
Oman	Before World Cup	97	7.2%	42.3%	50.5%
	During World Cup	412	5.8%	43.2%	51%
	After World Cup	76	13.2%	26.3%	60.5%
Qatar	Before World Cup	501	6.4%	42.9%	50.7%
	During World Cup	1419	4.7%	45.2%	50.2%
	After World Cup	254	5.9%	38.2%	55.9%
United Arab Emirates	Before World Cup	74	14.9%	59.5%	25.7%
	During World Cup	288	9%	47.6%	43.4%
	After World Cup	56	5.4%	53.6%	41.1%
Non-geotagged Arabic Tweets	Before World Cup	25116	11.2%	40.8%	48%
	During World Cup	10587	10%	46.5%	43.6%
	After World Cup	447	7.8%	31.1%	61.1%

Figure 3. Variation of negative sentiment over time by country.

Table 4. Arabic-Tweets percentage by period of time.

Tweets by Period of Time
	Before the World Cup	During the World Cup	After the World Cup
Negative	11.11%	8.68%	7.50%
Neutral	41.06%	45.23%	37.25%
Positive	47.83%	46.09%	55.25%
Total	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%