Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex in Southwest China: Molecular Characteristics and Risk Factors Caused by NDM Producers

Figures & data

Figure 1 Distribution characteristics of 32 CREC isolates. (A) Sample types of 32 CREC isolates; (B) department distribution of 32 CREC isolates.

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of CREC and CSEC Strains

Variable	CREC(n=32)	CSEC(n=64)	P-value
Demographic, n (%) or IQR
Age (≥60)	17(53.1%)	23(35.9%)	0.107
Sex (male)	22(68.8%)	43(67.2%)	0.877
Length of hospital stay	21(12, 34)	18(12, 33)	0.496
Admission to ICU	11(34.4%)	21(32.8%)	0.878
Co-morbidity, n (%)
Malignant disease	4(12.5%)	13(20.3%)	0.345
Diabetes mellitus	9(28.1%)	16(25%)	0.742
Hypertension	15(46.9%)	25(39.1%)	0.464
Cardiovascular diseases	15(46.9%)	13 (20.3%)	0.007
Hepatobiliary disease	12(37.5%)	24(37.5%)	1.000
Respiratory disease	24(75%)	34(53.1%)	0.039
Renal disease	20(62.5%)	22(34.4%)	0.009
Urinary tract infection	10(31.3%)	11(17.2%)	0.116
Craniocerebral disease	18(56.3%)	23(35.9%)	0.058
Gastrointestinal disease	14(43.8%)	14(21.9%)	0.026
Trauma and invasive procedures
Severe trauma	5(15.6%)	20(31.3%)	0.100
Bronchoscope	3(9.3%)	7(10.9%)	1.000
Surgery	25(78.1%)	47(73.4%)	0.617
Invasive catheter	24(75%)	33(51.6%)	0.028
Antibiotic treatment, n (%)
Penicillins	9(28.1%)	11(17.2%)	0.214
First, second-generation cephalosporins	3(9.4%)	8(12.5%)	0.747
Third, fourth-generation cephalosporins	11(34.4%)	23(35.9%)	0.880
Aminoglycosides	4(12.5%)	1(1.5%)	0.041
Quinolones	9(28.1%)	9(14.1%)	0.096
Carbapenems	4(12.5%)	7(10.9%)	1.000
Clinical outcomes, n (%)
Patient outcome: mortality	3(9.4%)	3(4.7%)	0.397

Note: The bolded values indicate P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: CR, carbapenem-resistant; CS, carbapenem-susceptible; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit.

Figure 2 Species identification and clonal phylogenetic analysis of 20 strains of CREC.

Table 2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of 20 Clinical CREC Strains

Antimicrobial Agent	NO.	%R	NO.	%I	NO.	%S
Amikacin	2	10	1	5	17	85
Imipenem	20	100	0	0	0	0
Meropenem	20	100	0	0	0	0
Cefazolin	20	100	0	0	0	0
Cefuroxime	20	100	0	0	0	0
Ceftriaxone	20	100	0	0	0	0
Cefotaxime	20	100	0	0	0	0
Ceftazidime	20	100	0	0	0	0
Cefepime	20	100	0	0	0	0
Sulperazon	19	95	1	5	0	0
Ciprofloxacin	18	90	0	0	2	10
Levofloxacin	14	70	2	10	4	20
Tobramycin	10	50	6	30	4	20
Aztreonam	14	70	1	5	5	25
Ampicillin/sulbactam	20	100	0	0	0	0
Piperacillin/tazobactam	20	100	0	0	0	0
Cefoxitin	20	100	0	0	0	0
Tigecycline	0	0	0	0	20	100
Polymyxin B	0	0	0	0	20	100

Abbreviations: S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant.