Wine Index of Salubrity and Health (WISH): an evidence-based instrument to evaluate the impact of good wine on well-being

Figures & data

Table 1 Phenolic acid and polyphenol components of red and white wines concentration (mg/L)^a

Component	Red wine	White wine
Nonflavonoids	240–500	160–260
Hydroxybenzoic acids	0–260	0–100
P-Hydroxybenzoic acid	20	–
Gallic acid	116 (26–320)	1.4
Total gallates	40 (30–59)	7 (6.8, 7.0)
Salicylic acid	–	–
Syningic acid	5 (4.2–5.9)	–
Protocatechuric acid	88	–
Hydroxycinnamic acids	162 (62–334)	130–154
CIS/Trans-coutaric	20 (16–24)	1.8
CIS/Trans-caftaric	25 (11–47)	5 (3, 7)
Caffeic acid^Table Footnoteb	8.5 (3–18)	2.8
Coumaric acid^Table Footnoteb	12.6 (7.5–22)	1.5 (1–2)
Ferulic acid^Table Footnoteb	19	–
Stilbenes	12.3 (4–19)	1.8 (0.04–3.5)
Trans-resveratrol	1.0 (0.1–2.3)	0.22 (0.003–2.0)
Flavonoids	750–1060	25–30
Flavonols	98 (10–203)	Trace
Quercetin	18.8 (5–53)	0
Myricetin	16.2 (2–45)	0
Kamempferol	18	0
Rutin	6.8 (0.5-10.8)	0
Flavanoids	168 (48–440)	15–30
Catechin	89 (27–191)	17.3 (3–35)
Epicatechin	57.3 (21.4–128)	13.6 (2, 18.9, 21)
Procyanidins	171 (29–333)	7.1 (5–10)
Anthocyanins	281 (20–500)	0
Delphinidin 3-monoglucoside^Table Footnotec,Table Footnoted	22	0
Cyanidin 3-monoglucoside^Table Footnotec,Table Footnoted	20 (2.8, 38)	0
Petunidin 3-monoglucoside^Table Footnotec,Table Footnoted	18	0
Peonidin 3-monoglucoside^Table Footnotec,Table Footnoted	32	0
Malvidin 3-monoglucoside^Table Footnotec,Table Footnoted	93 (24–170)	1
Total phenolic acids and polyphenols	1200 (900–2500)	200 (190–290)

Notes:

a Tabular values are reported as milligrams per liter. The range of contributing values is shown in parentheses, whereas range values separated by a comma are the individual literature values contributing to an average. Values without a range are the sole value found. In some instances, only ranges were reported and are shown without a mean value. Dashes indicate no value found in literature.

b Also present as tartrate esters.

c Also present as a diester with acetate.

d Also present as a diester with pcoumarate. Republished with permission of Annual Reviews, Inc, from German JB, Walzem RL. The health benefits of wine. Annual Reviews. 2000;20:561-593. Copyright 2000; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.

Figure 1 Factors influencing the Wine Index of Salubrity and Health (WISH).