Doom, gloom, or boom? Perceptions of climate change among Canadian winegrowers

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample description

Variable measured	Proportion of respondents
Gender
Female	27%
Male	73%
Age, years
18-30	5%
31-40	27%
41-50	25%
51-60	25%
Over 60	18%
Highest level of education
No formal qualification	1%
High school diploma	4%
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4%
College, CÉGEP, or other nonuniversity certificate or diploma	10%
University certificate, diploma, or degree below the bachelor level	12%
University certificate, diploma, or degree at the bachelor level	45%
University graduate degree	24%
Role in the winery/vineyard
Winemaker	61%
Grape-grower	66%
Winemaker/grape-grower	39%
Owner	56%
External consultant	4%
Years of work experience in the wine industry
<5 years	11%
5-10 years	26%
11-20 years	38%
Over 20 years	25%

Table 2 Average responses, for environmental values, climate change skepticism/uncertainty and assessed climate change knowledge for winegrowing provinces and categories of workers

Province and worker category	NEP scores			Uncertainty and skepticism scores			Assessed knowledge (% of correct responses)
	Average	SD	Sig	Average	SD	Sig	Average	SD	Sig
Provinces^Table Footnotea
Ontario (n=46)	3.8	0.8	NS	2.3	0.9	NS	55.4	22.3	NS
British columbia (n=40)	3.8	0.6	NS	2.3	0.7	NS	52.9	24.6	NS
Québec (n=27)	4.1	0.5	NS	2.1	0.6	NS	58.0	15.3	NS
Role in the winery/vineyard^Table Footnotea
Winemakers (n=28)	4.0	0.6	NS	2.2	0.7	NS	59.5	18.6	NS
Grape-growers (n=33)	3.7	0.8	NS	2.4	0.8	Sig	51.0	25.3	NS
Winemakers/grape-growers (n=47)	3.9	0.7	NS	1.9	0.7	Sig	54.3	22.4	NS
Owners/nonowners^Table Footnoteb
Owners (n=68)	3.8	0.7	NS	2.6	0.7	NS	54.7	21.9	NS
Nonowners (n=54)	3.9	0.6	NS	2.1	0.8	NS	56.2	21.6	NS

Notes:

a One-way ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey’s HSD test with a CI of 95%.

b Two-sample t-test was performed, with a CI of 95%.

Abbreviations: NEP, new ecological paradigm; NS, nonsignificant; Sig, significant.

Figure 1 Consequences of climate change perceived by Canadian winegrowers.

Figure 2 Perceived benefits of climate change for the wine industry.

Figure 3 Perceived disadvantages of climate change for the wine industry.