Factors Associated with Time to Cease Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Infants Aged 6–9 Months, Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Survival Analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of Study Participants, Kirkos Sub-City Health Facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	Categories	Number	Percent
Child age in months	6	51	18.0
	7	65	22.9
	8	100	35.2
	9	68	23.9
Sex of child	Female	179	63.0
	Male	105	37.0
Maternal age in years.	20–24	22	7.73
	25–34	230	81.0
	35–45	32	11.3
Maternal marital status	Married	218	76.8
	Single	49	17.3
	Divorced	16	5.59
	Widowed	1	0.41
Maternal educational status	Unable to read and write	9	3.34
	Read and write only	43	15.1
	Primary school	54	19.0
	Secondary school	69	24.3
	College and above	109	38.4
Maternal occupation status	Housewife	72	25.4
	Government employment	57	20.1
	Business woman	89	31.3
	Daily Labor	26	9.23
	Others*	40	14.1
Head of household	Husband	218	76.8
	Wife	26	9.26
	Brother/sister	21	7.31
	Other**	19	6.73
Household head occupation	Government employee	118	41.5
	Daily laborer	43	15.1
	Private worker	123	43.3
Family size	≤4	217	76.4
	>4	67	23.6
Household average monthly income in USD	<15	89	31.3
	15–30	100	35.2
	30–45	32	11.3
	>45	63	22.2

Notes: * Waiter, and any other works **other family like relatives, friends, and other person.

Table 2 Obstetrics and Health Service Utilization Characteristics Among Infants 6–9 Months, Kirkos Sub-City Health Facilities Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020

Variables	Categories	Number	Percent
Parity	≤2	187	65.8
	>2	97	34.2
ANC	<4	158	55.6
	≥4	126	44.4
Received optimal BF counseling during ANC	Yes	232	81.7
	No	52	18.3
PNC follow up	Yes	275	96.8
	No	9	3.2
EBF counseling at PNC	Yes	259	91.2
	No	25	8.8
Place of delivery	Home	8	2.8
	Hospital	124	43.7
	Health center	152	53.5
Mode of delivery	Vaginal	227	79.9
	SC	57	20.1
Birth attendant	TBA	2	0.7
	Health professional	274	96.5
	Relative	8	2.8
Media Access	Yes	218	76.8
	No	66	23.2
Maternal and child morbidity history	Yes	74	26.1
	No	210	73.9

Table 3 Maternal Knowledge and Attitude Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding, Kirkos Sub-City Health Facilities Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020

Variables	Category	Number	Percent
Ever heard about EBF practice	Yes	282	99.3
	No	2	0.7
Where did you hear about EBF	HEW	132	46.5
	Mass media	93	32.7
	Friends	23	8.1
	Women development army	36	12.7
Knowledge of time to cease EBF	Not knowledgeable	36	12.7
	Knowledgeable	248	87.3
Reasons for child breastfeed	An accepted norm for infant EBF	8	2.8
	Natural gift	131	46.1
	Clean and accessible	112	39.4
	Easy and cost-effective	33	11.6
Breastfeed plan for next child	Yes	268	94.4
	No	16	5.6
EBF encouragement	Yes	272	95.8
	No	12	4.2
Attitude towards EBF for the first 6 months.	Unfavorable	28	9.9
	Favorable	256	90.1

Table 4 Breastfeeding Practice of Mothers, Kirkos Sub-City Health Facilities Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020

Variables	Category	Number	Percent
Colostrum discarding	Yes	60	21.1
	No	224	78.9
Current breastfeeding	Yes	242	85.2
	No	42	14.8
Initiation of breast milk after birth	Within one hour	243	85.6
	After one hour	41	14.4
Bottle feeding	Yes	177	62.3
	No	107	37.7
Early cessation of EBF	Yes	130	45.8
	No	154	54.2

Table 5 Life Table of EBF Duration for the First 6 Among Infants Aged 6–9 Months in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020

Time interval in month	Number of entering	Number of terminating Censored	Proportion Surviving (%)	Cumulative proportion surviving at the end of the interval (%)	Proportion of censored (%)	Cumulative Censored
0	284	0	100	100	0	0
1	284	13	95.4	95.4	4.6	13
2	271	5	98.2	93.6	6.4	18
3	266	41	84.6	79.2	20.8	59
4	225	42	81.3	64.4	35.6	101
5	183	29	84.2	54.2	45.8	130
6	154	(event)	100	54.2	45.8	130

Figure 1 Reason for early cessation of EBF among infants aged 6–9 months, Kirkos Sub-city health facilities Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020.

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier curve showing the incidence of EBF cessation versus infant feeding counseling at ANC visits among study mothers, Kirkos sub-city health facilities Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020. (Log rank test < 0.001).

Figure 3 The Kaplan–Meier curve compares the incidence of EBF cessation versus infant feeding counseling at PNC visits among study mothers, Kirkos sub-city health facilities Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020 (Log rank test < 0.001).

Table 6 Bivariable and Multivariable Cox Regression Results for Factors Associated with Time to Cease EBF Among Infants Aged 6–9 Months, Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2020

Variables	Category	Time to cease EBF		CHR (95% CI)	P-value	AHR (95% CI)	P-value
		Yes (%)	No (%)
Maternal age	15–24	19(86.4)	3(13.6)	2.73(1.38–5.37)	0.004	0.82(0.24–2.85)	0.756
	25-34	96(41.7)	134(58.3)	0.83(0.48–1.43)	0.496	0.79(0.29–2.15)	0.646
	35–45	15(46.9)	17(53.1)	1		1
Child sex	Female	54(51.4)	51(48.6)	1.50(1.05–2.12)	0.024	1.24(0.74–2.10)	0.413
	Male	76(42.5)	103(57.5)	1		1
Household head	Husband	73(33.5)	145(66.5)	0.51(0.28–0.94)	0.031	0.76(0.32–1.83)	0.539
	Wife	25(96.1)	1(3.9)	1.71(0.86–3.47)	0.128	1.54(0.67–3.55)	0.309
	Older brother/sister	20(95.2)	1(4.9)	2.03(0.99–4.16)	0.054	1.07(0.46–2.47)	0.876
	Others	12(63.2)	7(36.8)	1		1
Average household monthly income in UDS dollar	<15	66(74.2)	23(25.8)	3.80(2.20–6.58)	0.001	5.31(2.82–9.99)	0.001**
	15–30	43(43)	57(57.0)	1.96(1.10–3.48)	0.022	2.59(1.41–4.77)	0.002*
	30-45	5(15.6)	27(84.4)	0.64(0.33–0.85)	0.384	1.03(0.34–2.87)	0.953
	>45	16(25.4)	47(74.5)	1		1
Family size	1–4	106(48.8)	111(51.2)	1.38(0.89–2.15)	0.153	1.09(0.53–2.25)	0.810
	Above 4	24(35.8)	43(64.2)	1		1
ANC visits	Less than 4	87(55.1)	71(44.9)	1.78(1.23–2.56)	0.002	1.16(0.68–1.97)	0.592
	4 and above	43(34.1)	83(65.9)	1		1
EBF counseling at ANC	Yes	89(38.4)	143(61.6)	0.39(0.27–0.56)	0.001	1.35(0.54–3.40)	0.526
	No	41(78.8)	11(21.2)	1		1
EBF counseling at PNC	Yes	107(41.3)	152(58.7)	0.23(0.14–0.36)	0.001	0.18(0.10–0.31)	0.001**
	No	23(92.0)	2(8.0)	1		1
Media access	Yes	91(41.7)	127(58.3)	0.76(0.53–1.12)	0.159	1.67(1.06–2.63)	0.028*
	No	39(59.1)	27(40.9)	1		1
Comorbidity	Yes	24(32.4)	50(67.6)	0.55(0.35–0.66)	0.008	0.51(0.29–0.88)	0.015*
	No	106(50.5)	104(49.5)	1		1
Bottle feeding	Yes	98(55.4)	79(44.6)	2.24(1.50–3.34)	0.001	3.28(2.14–5.01)	0.001**
	No	32(29.9)	75(70.1)	1		1
Attitude	Unfavorable	18(13.8)	112(86.2)	1.65(1.01–2.72)	0.048	3.59(2.02–6.40)	0.001**
	Favorable	10(6.5)	144(93.5)	1		1

Notes: *Significant at P value <0.05, **Significant at P value <0.001.

Abbreviation: AHR, adjusted Hazard ratio; CHR, Crude Hazards Ratio.