Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Injury and Surgical Interventions in Ankle and Knee Injuries in NBA Athletes

Figures & data

Table 1 Description of the Advanced Performance Metrics and Statistics Included in Analysis

Statistic	Description
Player efficiency rating (PER)	Rating of player’s per-minute productivity
Personal fouls (PF)	Number of fouls a player commits per game
Steals	Defensive statistic credited to player when they legally cause a turnover
Weight	Player weight at the time of injury
Usage rate	Percentage of team plays a player is involved in while in the game
Minutes played	A player’s average minutes played per game
Games played	A player’s total number of games played in one season
True shooting percentage (TS%)	Player’s efficiency at shooting the ball
3Par	Percentage of field goal attempts from 3-Point Range
Offensive rebound %	Estimate of the percentage of available offensive rebounds a player grabbed while on the floor
True rebound % (TR%)	Estimate of the percentage of available rebounds a player grabbed while on the floor
Assist %	Estimate of the percentage of teammate field goals a player assisted while they were on the floor
Steal %	Estimate of the percentage of opponent possessions that end with a steal by the player while they were on the floor
Block %	Estimate of the percentage of opponent two-point field goal attempts blocked by the player while they were on the floor
Turnover %	Estimate of turnovers committed per 100 plays
Defensive win shares (DWS)	Estimate of the number of wins contributed by a player due to defense
Win shares (WS)	Estimate of the number of wins contributed by a player created by accumulating all the statistics provided into a single statistic
Win shares per 48 minutes (WS/48)	Estimate of the number of wins contributed by a player per 48 minutes
Field goals made	Total number of field goals made from anywhere on the court
Field goals attempted	Total number of shots attempted by a player from anywhere on the court

Table 2 All Ankle and Knee Injuries and Associated Incidences in NBA Athletes per 1000 Athlete Exposures

	Injury Type		Number of Injuries	Injury Incidence (Per 1000 Athlete Exposures)
NonSurgical Injury	Knee	Soreness	163	0.59
		Knee Sprain	98	0.36
		Contusion/Inflammation	75	0.27
		Hyperextension	12	0.04
		Tendinitis	34	0.12
		Other	42	0.15
		Unspecified	108	0.39
		Total	532	1.93
	Ankle	Sprain	406	1.47
		Soreness	61	0.22
		Fracture	5	0.02
		Contusion/Inflammation	8	0.03
		Other	35	0.13
		Unspecified	37	0.13
		Total	552	2.00
	Knee	Meniscus	20	0.07
Surgical Injury		ACL	10	0.04
		Arthroscopic Debridement	19	0.07
		Cartilage/Tendon Repair	10	0.04
		Other/Multiple*	5	0.02
		Total	64	0.23
	Ankle	Arthroscopic Debridement	4	0.01
		Ankle Reconstruction	3	0.01
		Surgical Ligament Repair	2	0.01
		Microfracture Surgery	1	0.004
		Fracture Repair	1	0.004
		Total	11	0.040
		Combined Total	1153	4.185

Note: Bolded Values Indicated Totals of Numbers of Injuries and Injury Incidence per 1000 Athlete Exposures.

Table 3 Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Ankle and Knee Lower Extremity with Associated Odds Ratios and p-values. Bolded Values Indicate Statistical Significance with a p-value <0.05

Variable	Odds Ratio	P-value
Age	1.00 (0.99 1.003)	0.137
Height	0.99 (0.99 1.00)	0.45
Weight	1.01 (1.01 1.019)	0.04
Center Position	1.64 (1.2–2.24)	0.002
>30 Minutes	1.11 (1.00, 1.22)	0.046
Games Played	0.99 (0.99 1.00)	0.609
Performance Metrics
Usage Rate	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	<0.001
PER	0.96 (0.94, 0.98)	<0.001
Steals per game	1.001 (1.00, 1.003)	0.008
Personal Foul	0.99 (0.99, 0.99)	0.03
TS %	2.06 (0.73, 3.40)	0.29
3PAr	0.98 (0.39, 1.57)	0.95
FTr	0.94 (0.81, 1.08)	0.42
Offensive Rebound %	1.03 (0.97, 1.10)	0.33
Defensive Rebound %	1.03 (0.96, 1.09)	0.42
Assist %	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)	0.49
Steal %	0.97 (0.93, 1.01)	0.15
Block %	1.00 (0.98, 1.03)	0.84
Turnover %	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)	0.69
DWS	0.94 (0.68, 1.20)	0.65
WS	1.03 (0.77, 1.29)	0.81
WS/48	3.27 (1.89, 4.64)	0.09
Field Goals Made	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.85
Field Goals Attempted	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.67