Determinants of Mortality of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio Demographic Variables of Medical Patients Admitted to ICU of DBCSH, March 2017 to February 2022

Variables	Category	Frequency (n=546)	Percentage (%)
Sex	Male	252	46.2
	Female	294	53.8
Residence	Urban	260	47.6
	Rural	286	52.4
History of admission	1st admission	444	81.3
	Readmission	102	18.7
Source of admission	Medical ward	173	31.7
	Emergency Department	373	68.3

Table 2 Distribution of Disease Categories of Medical Patients Admitted to ICU DBCSH, from March 2017 to February 2022

Disease Category	Frequency (n=546)	Percentage (%)
Cardiovascular disease	206	37.7
Respiratory disease	59	10.8
Endocrine disorders	70	12.8
Gastrointestinal disease	6	1.1
Neurology	91	16.7
Renal disease	6	1.1
Infectious diseases	66	12.1
Poisoning	38	7
Others	4	0.7
Total	546	100

Table 3 Admission Vital Signs and GCS of Medical Patients Admitted to ICU DBCSH, from March 2017 to February 2022

Variables	Category	Frequency (n=546)	Percentage (%)
Blood pressure (mmHg)	<90/60	207	37.9
	90/60-140/90	287	52.6
	≥140/90	52	9.5
Pulse Rate (bpm)	<60	50	9.2
	60–99	192	35.2
	≥100	304	55.7
Respiratory Rate (bpm)	<12	49	9
	12–20	169	31
	>20	328	60.1
Temperature (°C)	<36.5	50	9.2
	36.5–37.5	421	77.1
	>37.5	75	13.7
Peripheral oxygen saturation (%)	<90	272	49.8
	≥90	274	50.2
GCS	GCS ≤8	123	22.5
	GCS 9–12	232	42.5
	GCS ≥13	191	35

Abbreviation: GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.

Table 4 Interventions Given to Admitted Patients to ICU of DBCSH, March 2017 to February 2022

Type of Intervention	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Antibiotics	456	83.5
Intravenous fluid	450	82.4
Analgesics	367	67.2
Inotropic agent	126	23.1
Anticoagulant	60	11
Mechanical ventilation	49	9

Table 5 Admission Diagnosis of Patients Admitted to ICU of DBCSH, March 2017 to February 2022

Disease Category	Survivors		Death		Total
	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent
Septic shock	24	5.12	33	5.69	57	10.44
Congestive Heart Failure	61	11.91	22	3.29	83	15.20
Sever CAP	26	5.49	20	3.11	46	8.42
All strokes	22	4.22	17	2.92	39	7.14
All types of Poisoning	21	4.03	17	2.93	38	6.96
Diabetic keto acidosis	52	10.25	14	2.39	66	12.09
Acute coronary syndrome	66	12.82	13	1.65	79	14.47
Meningitis	20	4.36	16	2.24	36	6.59
Cardiogenic shock	14	2.56	13	2.38	27	4.94
Bronchial Asthma	13	2.56	7	0.92	20	3.66
Status epilepticus	10	2.56	7	0.74	17	3.11
Acute kidney injury	6	1.29	4	0.54	10	1.83
Acute liver failure	5	0.37	8	1.1	13	2.39
Others	10	1.84	5	0.72	15	2.75
Total	350	64.10	196	35.9	546	100

Abbreviation: CAP, Community Acquired Pneumonia.

Table 6 Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with ICU Mortality in DCSH, from March 2017 to February 2022

Variable	Category	Clinical Outcome		COR with 95% CI	AOR with 95% CI	P-value
		Death	Survivors
Source of Admission	Ward	74	99	1.5378 (1.0613–2.2282)	1.948744 (1.2447–3.0508)	0.004*
	Emergency	122	251
Glasgow Coma scale	< 8	70	53	5.3177 (3.2139–8.7986)	3.9732 (2.1249–7.4290)	0.0001*
	9–12	88	144	2.4605 (1.5794–3.8331)	1.675291 (0.9925–2.8276)	0.053
	>13	38	153
Blood Pressure	<90/60mmhg	85	122	1.5500 (1.0672–2.2510)	0.7614 (0.4507–1.2863)	0.308
	90/60-140/90	89	198
Respiratory Rate	<12	35	14	4.7844 (2.3844–9.6002)	2.36386 (0.9690–5.7663)	0.059
	12–20	58	111
Temperature	<36.5	31	19	3.572169 (1.9467–6.5548)	1.73734 (0.8309–3.6323)	0.142
	36.5–37.5	132	289
	>37.5	33	42	1.7202 (1.0431–2.8369)	1.1051 (0.6038–2.0226)	0.32
Treatment with Inotrope	Yes	74	52	3.4760 (2.3010–5.2509)	3.06218 (1.8358–5.1078)	0.0001*
	No	122	298
Septic shock	Yes	33	24	2.75 (1.5733–4.8066)	2.579163 (1.2928–5.1454)	0.007*
	No	163	326
Stroke	Yes	22	1	2.4766 (1.2814–4.7867)	0.3960282 (0.1472–1.0653)	0.067
	No	174	333
Acute coronary syndrome	Yes	13	66	0.3056797 (0.1639–0.5699)	0.5627731 (0.2684–1.1796)	0.128
	No	183	284
Retroviral infection status	Reactive	10	10	4.5 (1.5614–12.969)	4.422765 (1.3613–14.368)	0.013*
	Non-reactive	119	407
Duration of ICU Admission				0.936175 (0.888–0.9868)	9,417,731 (0.8922–0.9939)	0.029*

Note: *Statistically significant with P-value less than 0.05.

Abbreviations: AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; COR, Crude Odds Ratio.

Data Sharing Statement

The data used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.