Clinical Profiles of Cardiovascular Diseases and Predictors of Outcome of Hospitalization in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of CVD Admissions to ACSH, 2017–2018

Characteristics	Frequency (Percentage), n=767
Age (Mean=53.4, SD=19.4)
<25 Years	64 (8.3)
25–34 Years	87 (11.3)
35–44 Years	105 (13.7)
45–54 Years	120 (15.6)
55–64 Years	113 (14.7)
65–74 Years	155 (20.2)
75 Years & above	123 (16.0)
Gender
Male	345 (45.0)
Female	422 (55.0)
Residence
Urban and Semi urban	431 (56.2)
Rural	336 (43.8)

Table 2 Types of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients Admitted to Medical Ward and ICU in ACSH, Nov 2017- Oct 2018

Characteristics	Frequency (Percentage), n=767
Type of Cardiovascular Disease
Stroke	272 (35.5)
Venous thromboembolism	132 (17.2)
Rheumatic heart disease	124 (16.2)
Ischemic heart disease	87 (11.3)
Cardiomyopathy	57 (7.4)
Cor pulmonale	38 (5.0)
Degenerative valvular heart disease	24 (3.1)
Hypertensive heart disease	12 (1.6)
Miscellaneous Cardiovascular disorders*	9 (1.2)
Congenital heart disease	8 (1.0)
Pericardial disease	4 (0.5)

Note: *Peripheral arterial diseases, hypertensive emergencies, AV Block.

Table 3 Types of Cardiovascular Diseases with Frequency Distribution for Heart Failure or Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Admitted to Medical Ward and ICU in ACSH, Nov 2017- Oct 2018

Type of Cardiovascular Disease	Heart Failure, n (Row%)		Atrial Fibrillation, n (Row%)
	No	Yes	No	Yes
Rheumatic heart disease	16 (12.9)	108 (87.1)	100 (80.6)	24 (19.4)
Cardiomyopathy	0 (0.0)	57 (100.0)	50 (87.7)	7 (12.3)
Ischemic heart disease	32 (36.8)	55 (63.2)	85 (97.7)	2 (2.3)
Hypertensive heart disease	1 (8.3)	11 (91.7)	10 (83.3)	2 (16.7)
Cor pulmonale	11 (28.9)	27 (71.1)	37 (97.4)	1 (2.6)
Degenerative valvular heart disease	3 (12.5)	21 (87.5)	21 (87.5)	3 (12.5)
Pericardial disease	0 (0.0)	4 (100.0)	4 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Congenital heart disease	2 (25.0)	6 (75.0)	7 (87.5)	1 (12.5)
Ischemic stroke	168 (98.2)	3 (1.8)	150 (87.7)	21 (12.3)
Hemorrhagic stroke	100 (99.0)	1 (1.0)	100 (99.0)	1 (1.0)
Venous thrombosis	126 (95.5)	6 (4.5)	130 (98.5)	2 (1.5)
Miscellaneous Cardiovascular disorders	8 (88.9)	1 (11.1)	8 (88.9)	1 (11.1)
Total		300		65
Chi-square test of association	χ^2 (11) =525.233, p<0.001		χ^2 (11) =46.829, p<0.001

Figure 1 Distribution of heart failure in patients with the types of CVD admissions in ACSH, Nov, 2017-Oct 2018.

Note: *Pericardial diseases, congenital heart diseases, venous thrombosis, miscellaneous CVDs.

Figure 2 Cardiovascular Disease distribution across age groups among medical ward and ICU admissions to ACSH, Nov, 2017-Oct, 2018.

Notes: **Pericardial diseases, Congenital heart diseases, miscellaneous CVDs, Y-axis = percent, X-axis: age in years.

Abbreviations: RHD, rheumatic heart disease; CMP, cardiomyopathy; IHD, ischemic heart disease; HHD, hypertensive heart disease; DVHD, Degenerative valvular heart disease.

Table 4 Length of Stay and Outcome of Hospitalization in Medical Ward and ICU Admissions to ACSH, Nov 2017- Oct 2018

Characteristics	Frequency (Percentage), n=767
Hospital stays (Median=8, IQR=8)
≤5 days	249 (32.5)
6 to 10 days	257 (33.5)
11 to 15 days	139 (18.1)
>15 days	122 (15.9)
Outcome of Hospitalization
Death	101 (13.2)
Discharge	650 (84.7)
Referral to better set up	9 (1.2)
Transfer to continue same treatment	7 (0.9)
Condition at Discharge
Improved	541 (83.4)
Same condition	20 (3.1)
Left Against Medical Advice (LAMA)	8 (13.6)

Figure 3 Cardiovascular risk factors in patients admitted to Medical ward and ICU in ACSH, Nov 2017- Oct 2018.

Figure 4 Complications of hospitalization and disease progression in patients admitted to Medical ward and ICU in ACSH, Nov 2017- Oct 2018, n=767.

Table 5 Predictors of Death Among Patients Admitted Due to Cardiovascular Diseases, ACSH, n=767

Variables	Death, n (Row %)		COR [95% CI]	AOR [95% CI]
	No	Yes
Age in years
≤40	210 (90.1)	23 (9.9)	1	1
>40	456 (85.4)	78 (14.6)	1.6 [1.0, 2.6]	1.6 [1.0, 2.7]
Comorbidity
Yes	197 (88.0)	27 (12.0)	0.9 [0.5, 1.4]	0.9 [0.6, 1.5]
No	469 (86.4)	74 (13.6)	1	1
Heart failure
Yes	250 (83.3)	50 (16.7)	1.6 [1.1, 2.5] *	1.3 [0.8, 2.1]
No	416 (89.1)	51 (10.9)	1	1
Complication
No complication	567 (90.9)	57 (9.1)	1	1
Complications of hospitalization only	49 (75.4)	16 (24.6)	3.2 [1.7, 6.1]***	3.2 [1.7, 6.0]***
Complications of disease progression only	42 (64.6)	23 (35.4)	5.4 [3.1, 9.7]***	5.0 [2.7, 9.1]***
Both complications of hospitalization and disease progression	8 (61.5)	5 (38.5)	6.2 [2.0, 19.6]**	6.1 [1.9, 19.5]**

Notes: *p<0.05 **p<0.01 ***p<0.001.