Not Two Sides of the Same Coin: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Post-Treatment Abstinence and Relapse

Figures & data

Figure 1 Inclusion process.

Figure 2 Necessity (left) and sufficiency (right).

Figure 3 Consistency and coverage. (A) Low consistency, low coverage. (B) High consistency, low coverage. (C). High consistency, high coverage.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

Characteristic	Mean (SD)
Age	44 (9.9)
Years SUD	23.5 (11.1)
	n (%)
Gender male (yes)	53 (91.4)
Country of birth
Netherlands	49 (84.5)
EU (not NL)	2 (3.4)
Other	7 (12.1)
Psychiatric comorbidity (yes)	37 (63.8)
Depressive problems	25 (47.2)
Anxiety problems	14 (26.4)
Somatic problems	9 (17)
Avoidant personality problems	15 (28.3)
Attention deficit/ hyperactivity problems	22 (41.5)
Antisocial personality problems	17 (32.1)
Primary substance used
Alcohol	29 (50)
Cocaine	15 (25.9)
Heroin	5 (8.6)
Cannabis	4 (6.9)
Other	5 (9.3)
Polysubstance use, excluding tobacco (yes)	47 (81)
MBID (yes)	37 (63.8)
Social disintegration (yes)	40 (69)

Table 2 Results necessity analysis (Single Conditions)

Condition	Abstinence		Relapse
	Consistency	Coverage	Consistency	Coverage
MBID	0.680	0.691	0.718	0.415
~MBID	0.425	0.726	0.589	0.449
Psych. comorbidity	0.656	0.695	0.801	0.482
~Psych. comorbidity	0.511	0.819	0.493	0.449
Soc. disintegration	0.664	0.767	0.669	0.439
~Soc. disintegration	0.515	0.732	0.646	0.522
Long treatment	0.543	0.728	0.589	0.449
~Long treatment	0.590	0.716	0.644	0.444
Informal support	0.887	0.759	0.687	0.334
~Informal support	0.223	0.556	0.506	0.718
Formal support	0.757	0.804	0.460	0.278
~Formal support	0.320	0.510	0.675	0.612
Activities	0.865	0.800	0.523	0.274
~Activities	0.215	0.442	0.619	0.723

Note: ~Denotes absence of a condition.

Table 3 Intermediate Solution for Abstinence and Relapse

Configuration	Abstinence		Relapse
	A	B	A	B	C	D	E
Baseline
MBID			●		●		●
Psych. Comorbidity		⊗		●	●	●
Soc. Disintegration	●	⊗				●	●
Treatment
Long treatment		⊗	⊗	⊗	⊗		●
Post-treatment
Informal support	●	●	⊗	⊗		⊗
Formal support	●		⊗	⊗	⊗	⊗	⊗
Activities	●	●	⊗	⊗	⊗	⊗	⊗
Consistency	0.901	0.870	0.880	0.933	0.868	0.941	0.844
Raw coverage	0.510	0.281	0.253	0.299	0.323	0.298	0.269
Unique coverage	0.306	0.076	0.011	0.013	0.043	0.015	0.034
Overall solution consistency	0.896		0.866
Overall solution coverage	0.587		0.450

Notes: ●Condition present ⊗Condition absent. Each column in the table represents a unique solution term, specifying the sets of conditions that are sufficient for the outcomes. Presentation adopted from Ragin and Fiss, in Ragin.³⁵

Ragin CC. Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond. University of Chicago Press; 2008.

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