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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 Amiri Baraka, personal letter to the author, circa 1996.
2 Amiri Baraka, Blues People: Negro Music in White America (New York: William Morrow, 1963), 235.
3 Bruce Jackson, Get Your Ass in the Water and Swim Like Me: African American Narrative Poetry from Oral Tradition (1974; reprinted New York: Routledge, 2004), 11.
4 Bruce Jackson uses the term “street theater.” See Jackson, Get Your Ass in the Water, 5.
5 Zora Neale Hurston, “Characteristics of Negro Expression,” in The Sanctified Church (Berkeley: Turtle Island, 1983), 49.
6 Soul Train, created, produced, and hosted by Don Cornelius. Originally aired on WCIU-TV on August 17, 1970. Nationally syndicated from October 2, 1971, to March 25, 2006.
7 Brenda Dixon Gottschild, Digging the Africanist Presence in American Performance: Dance and Other Contexts (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996), 14.
8 See Jacqui Malone, Steppin’ on the Blues: The Visible Rhythms of African American Dance (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996).
9 See Amiri Baraka, “Swing—From Verb to Noun,” in Blues People, 142–65.
10 Baraka, Blues People, 152–3.
11 Richard Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic: Politics and Popular Culture in the Post-Civil Rights Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 16.
12 Etheridge Knight, “Dark Prophecy: I Sing of Shine,” in Understanding the New Black Poetry: Black Speech and Black Music as Poetic References, ed. Stephen Henderson (New York: William Morrow, 1973), 330.
13 Jayne Cortez, Mouth On Paper (New York: Bola Press, 1977).
14 Jayne Cortez, “You Know,” in Mouth On Paper, 58.
15 Jayne Cortez, “Carolina Kingston,” in Mouth On Paper, 52.
16 Baraka, Blues People, 210.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Tony Bolden
Tony Bolden is a professor of African and African American studies at the University of Kansas. He is the author of Afro Blue: Improvisations in African American Poetry and Culture and Groove Theory: The Blues Foundation of Funk. He is also editor of The Langston Hughes Review. His current book projects are tentatively titled Funky Soul Poetics: Studies in Black Literary Ethnomusicology and Tales from the Waterfront: Narrative Essays.