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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
1 The Northern Land Council “About Us,” https://www.nlc.org.au/about-us
2 Environmental Defenders Office, https://www.edo.org.au/what-we-do-2
3 S. Ahmed, “A Brief Conversation Speaking with Judith Preston,” The Brief 24, no. 2 (2018): 10–14, 10, 11.
4 Australian Government, “Recognition through a Voice” (webpage), https://voice.gov.au. The “Proposed Law” that Australians are being asked to vote upon is set out in the Constitution Alteration Bill 2023.
5 https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/commentisfree/2023/oct/14/rejecting-the-voice-shows-australia-is-still-in-denial-its-history-of-forgetting-a-festering-wrong (accessed December 5, 2023).
6 https://theconversation.com/after-the-voice-referendum-how-far-along-are-first-nations-treaty-negotiations-across-the-country-215159 (accessed December 5 2023).
8 E. Gómez-Baggethun, E. Corbera, and V. Reyes-García, “Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Global Environmental Change: Research Findings and Policy Implications,” Ecology and Society 18, no. 4 (2013): 71, 72; J. A. Preston “Bloody but unbowed: how international and national legal norms and frameworks can improve recognition and inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge in Australian environmental decision-making.”, Doctoral Thesis, School of Law, Western Sydney University, Australia, 2019. https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:56825/datastream/PDF/view p. 129
9 International Fund for Agricultural Development, “Valuing Diversity in Sustainable Development: IFAD Experience with Indigenous Peoples, Latin America and Asia,” Report, 2014, 4 (herafter IFAD Valuing Diversity Report).
10 Gómez-Baggethun, Corbera, and Reyes-García, note 8,71; Preston, note 8, 129.
11 IFAD Valuing Diversity Report, note 9, 1,4; Preston, note 8, 130.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 IFAD Valuing Diversity Report, note 9, 8; Preston, note 8, 130.
15 IFAD Valuing Diversity Report, note 9, 4; Preston, note 8, 130.
17 World Bank Africa Region Knowledge and Learning Group, “Indigenous Knowledge Local Pathways to Global Development Marking Five Years of the World Bank Indigenous Knowledge for Development Program,” Report, 2004, 219–221; Preston, note 8, 130.
18 IFAD Valuing Diversity Report, note 9, 5: Preston, note 8, 130.
19 Examples include sections 3(1) (f) and (g) and section 32(g)(iii) of the Environmental Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) and section 4 of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 (Cth): Preston (2019), note 8, 334.
20 See sections 6 and 8 of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area Conservation Act 1994 (Cth): Preston, note 8, 314.
21 Preston, note 8, 13, 232–37.
22 Preston, note 8, 140–42.
24 See Department of the Environment and Energy (Cth), “Engage Early: Guidance for Proponents on Best Practice Indigenous Engagement for Environment Assessments under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)”: Preston, note 8, 334.
25 G. Harnisworth, S. Awatere, and M. Robb, “Indigenous Maori Values and Perspective to Inform Freshwater Management in Aotearoa–New Zealand,” Ecology and Society 21 (2016): 4, 9; J. Anaya, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples on the Situation of Maori People in New Zealand,” Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 32, no. 1 (2015): 23.
27 A. Argyrou and H. Hummels, “Legal Personality and Economic Livelihood of the Whanganui River: A Call for Community Entrepreneurship,” Water International 44, no. 6–7 (2019): 752–68, doi:10.1080/02508060.2019.1643525.
28 Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act (NZ) 2017.
29 E. Josefsen, “The Saami and the National Parliaments: Channels for Political Influence,” Report, 2010, 29.
30 Constitución Política del Perú de 1993 [Political Constitution of Peru 1993] (Peru) art. 19 [tr. World Intellectual Property Organisation], https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Peru_2009
31 Autonomous government in Wampis territory is regulated under the Statute of the Autonomous Territorial Government of the Wampis Nation, dated November 27, 2015. See also R. Kearns, “First Autonomous Indigenous Government in Peru Created,” Indigenous Peoples Major Group for Sustainable Development (January 24, 2016), https://indigenouspeoples-sdg.org/index.php/english/ttt/395-first-autonomous-indigenous-government-in-peru
32 H. Ross, C. Grant, C. Robinson, et al., “Co-Management and Indigenous Protected Areas in Australia: Achievements and Ways Forward,” Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 16, no. 4 (2009): 242, 249; Preston, note 8, 302.
33 G. Torre “Coalition, Labor combine to sink Senator Thorpe Bill to enshrine Indigenous rights” National Indigenous Times 2023 6 December.
34 Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador 2008, tr. World Intellectual Property Organisation, arts. 1, 27, 84 [trans. of Constitución de la República del Ecuador 2008] (“Ecuador Constitution”), in Preston, note 8, 304.
35 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, tr. World Intellectual Property Organisation, art. II section 22 (“Philippines Constitution”), in Preston, note 8, 304.
36 Preston, note 8, 309–15.
38 Desert Knowledge CRC Indigenous Intellectual Property Protocol 2003, quoted in M. Raven, “Gatekeepers, Guardians and Gatecrashers: The Enactment of Protocols to Protect Indigenous Knowledge and How Protocols Order These Practices,” PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2014, app. 1; in Preston, note 8, 310.
39 Such a legislative proposal may be entitled the Administrative Decisions (Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander Knowledges) Act 2019 (Cth); a draft model law may be found at Preston, note 8, 310–11, Appendix 1.
40 Preston, note 8, 310.
41 8 [2019] NSWLEC 7.
42 Preston, note 8, 311–12.
43 Autonomous government in Wampis territory is regulated under the Statute of the Autonomous Territorial Government of the Wampis Nation, dated November 27, 2015. See also R. Kearns, “First Autonomous Indigenous Government in Peru Created,” Indigenous Peoples Major Group for Sustainable Development (January 24, 2016), https://indigenouspeoples-sdg.org/index.php/english/ttt/395-first-autonomous-indigenous-government-in-peru-created; in Preston, note 8, 303–4.
44 IWIGIA “The Wampis Nation—The First Indigenous Autonomous Government in Peru,” June 26, 2018, https://www.iwgia.org/en/peru/3265-wampis-nation-peru
46 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, “A New Global Framework for Managing Nature Through 2030: 1st Detailed Draft Agreement Debuts,” https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2021/07/a-new-global-framework-for-managing-nature-through-2030-1st-detailed-draft-agreement-debuts; see Targets 16, 20, and 21, for example.
47 The Global Pact For the Environment, https://globalpactenvironment.org/en
48 Ibid.: see Preamble articles 9, 10, 11.
49 K. Bagley, “From a Young Climate Movement Leader, a Determined Call for Action,” Yale Environment 360, November 7, 2019, https://e360.yale.edu/features/from-a-young-climate-movement-leader-a-determined-call-for-action
50 R. Schiffman, “For Gen Z, Climate Change Is a Heavy Emotional Burden,” Yale Environment 360, April 28, 2022, https://e360.yale.edu/features/for-gen-z-climate-change-is-a-heavy-emotional-burden
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Donna Craig
Donna Craig is an honorary professor, Te Piringa Faculty of Law, University of Waikato, New Zealand.