New Military Strategies in the Gulf: The Mirage of Autonomy in Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Qatar

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Notes

1 Barbara Lippert, Nicolai von Ondarza, and Volker Perthes (eds), ‘European Strategic Autonomy: Actors, Issues, Conflicts of Interests’, in SWP Research Paper (Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik/German Institute for International and Security Affairs, 2019).

2 Mario Damen, ‘EU Strategic Autonomy 2013–2023: From Concept to Capacity’, European Parliamentary Research Service (Brussels: European Parliament, 2022).

3 Athol Yates, The Evolution of the Armed Forces of the United Arab Emirates (Solihull: Helion & Co, 2020), pp. 208–12.

4 Norvell B. DeAtkine, ‘Western Influence on Arab Militaries: Pounding Square Pegs into Round Holes’, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, no. 1 (2013).

5 Z. Barany, Armies of Arabia: Military Politics and Effectiveness in the Gulf (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021); Z. Barany, ‘Military Officers in the Gulf: Career Trajectories and Determinants’, (Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2019); K.M. Pollack, ‘Sizing Up Little Sparta: Understanding UAE Military Effectivness’, (Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 2020); David B. Roberts, ‘Bucking the Trend: The UAE and the Development of Military Capabilities in the Arab World’, Security Studies, Vol. 29, no. 2 (2020).