‘On the backs of Blacks’: the fetish and how socially inferior Europeans put down Africans to prove their equality with their own oppressors

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Notes

1 Hans Belting, Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image before the Era of Art (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1994); David Freedberg, The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).

2 William Pietz, The Problem of the Fetish (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2023), 1–2. Subsequent citations are to this edition, in parentheses, in the text.

3 Joana Bahia, ‘“De Miguel Couto a Berlin”: A Presença do Candomblé em Terras Alemãs’, in Migração e globalização: Um olhar interdisciplinar, ed. Glória Maria Santiago Pereira and José de Ribamar Sousa Pereira (Curitiba, Brazil: Editora CRV, 2012), 223–41.

4 J. Lorand Matory, The Fetish Revisited: Marx, Freud, and the Gods Black People Make (Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2018).

5 Robert Farris Thompson, The Flash of the Spirit: African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy (New York: Random House, 1983).