An enzyme-free interdigitated electrode for ketamine detection

ABSTRACT

Ketamine is an anesthetic, which when used wrongly would affect judgment and behavior, increasing risks to individual such as unwanted or risky sexual behavior. This study reports the development of an admittance- and capacitance-spectroscopy-based sensor to detect ketamine in solution, such as whiskey, a popular alcoholic drink. The result confirms the proposed method is capable of detecting the presence of ketamine in whiskey, in concentration as low as 6.25 ng/μL, by using admittance and capacitance measured at 6.75 MHz, as well as quantifying the measured admittance (sensitivity: 300 μΩ⁻¹/Log (ng/μL); limit of detection (LOD): 0.16 ng/μL) or capacitance data (sensitivity: 2 nF/Log (ng/μL); LOD: 0.73 ng/μL) at 18 kHz and 7.69 MHz, respectively.

CO-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:

• Kuo, Cheng-Chien

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

• Kuo, Cheng-Chien

KEYWORDS:

• Interdigitated electrode
• ketamine
• capacitance
• impedance

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grant (109-2313-B-005-007) from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China, and in part by grant (111-2221-E-005-018) from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, Republic of China. This work was supported by grant (SRD-109030) from the Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [109-2313-B-005-007]; National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan [111-2221-E-005-018]; Show Chwan Memorial Hospital [SRD-109030].