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Notes
1 Sophia Tereen, Laurie Kellman, “Chicago Has Biggest Population Dip as Southern States Grow,” AP News, November 30, 2023, https://apnews.com/097eefbaf6754b5f99e6aec5473ccf03.
2 Jackelyn Hwang and Jeffrey Lin, “What Have We Learned About the Causes of Recent Gentrification?” Cityscape (2016): 10.
3 Carole Marks, Farewell—We’re Good and Gone: The Great Black Migration (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989), 164.
4 Mark T. Mulder, Shades of White Flight: Evangelical Congregations and Urban Departure (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2015), 58.
5 Beryl Satter, Family Properties: Race, Real Estate, and The Exploitation of Black Urban America (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009).
6 Marisa Novara and Amy Khare, “Two extremes of residential segregation: Chicago’s separate worlds and policy strategies for integration,” in A Shared Future: Fostering Communities of Inclusion in An Era of Inequality, ed. Christopher Herbert, Jonathan Spader, Jennifer Molinski, and Shannon Rieger (Cambridge: Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University, 2018).
7 Novara and Khare, “Two extremes of residential segregation,” 203.
8 Novara and Khare, “Two extremes of residential segregation,” 204.
9 Novara and Khare, “Two extremes of residential segregation,” 204–205. Emphasis mine.
10 Robert Simons, Gary DeWine, Larry Ledebur, and Laura A. Wertheimer, Retired, Rehabbed, Reborn: The Adaptive Reuse of America’s Derelict Religious Buildings and Schools (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2017).
11 Pauline Boss, Ambiguous Loss: Learning to Live with Unresolved Grief (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).
12 Pauline Boss, “The Trauma and Complicated Grief of Ambiguous Loss,” Pastoral Psychology 59 (2010): 138.
13 Boss, Ambiguous Loss, 7.
14 Quentin Brummet and Davin Reed, “The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children,” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Working Paper No. 19–30 (16 July 2019), https://doi.org/10.21799/frbp.wp.2019.30.
15 Saskia Sassen, Expulsion: Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014), 213. Emphasis mine.
16 Anna Cash, Elizabeth Mattiuzzi, Anna Driscoll, Karen Chapple, Renee Roy Elias, and Miriam Zuk, Building a National Narrative of Anti-Displacement Strategies (Berkeley: Urban Displacement Project, University of California, 2020), https://www.urbandisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/building_a_national_narrative_october_2020-converted.pdf. See also https://www.urbandisplacement.org/topic/global-urban-displacement/.
17 Cash, Mattiuzzi, et al., Building a National Narrative, 12.
18 See Peter Levine, Healing Trauma: A Pioneering Program for Restoring the Wisdom of Your Body (Boulder, CO: Sounds True, Inc., 2005).
19 James Evans Jr., “The Holy Spirit in African American Theology,” in The Oxford Handbook of African American Theology, ed. Katie G. Cannon and Anthony B. Pinn (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 168.
20 Eddie Glaude, African American Religion: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 6. Emphasis mine.
21 Cornel West, “Black Culture: The Golden Mean,” The Harvard Crimson, March 26, 1974. Emphasis mine.
22 Babara Holmes, Joy Unspeakable: Contemplative Practices of the Black Church (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2004), 144.
23 M. Shawn Copeland, “African American Religious Experience,” in The Oxford Handbook of African American Theology, ed. Katie G. Cannon, Anthony B. Pinn (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 49–50.
24 Pastor of the Bronzeville Church, interview by Danjuma Gibson, March 14, 2019, Chicago.
25 Judith Herman, Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror (New York: Basic Books, 1992), 308.
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Danjuma G. Gibson
Danjuma Gibson, professor of pastoral theology, care, and counseling at Calvin Theological Seminary, is a licensed psychotherapist. His latest book, Through the Eyes of Titans: Finding Courage to Redeem the Soul of the Nation (Cascade Books, 2024), uses psychohistory and psychobiography to reimagine leadership, self-care, and love in the twenty-first century.