150
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Climate scenarios of extreme precipitation using a combination of parametric and non-parametric bias correction methods in the province of Québec

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 23-39 | Received 01 Jun 2022, Accepted 30 May 2023, Published online: 10 Jun 2023
 

Abstract

Realistic simulation of heavy precipitation in climate simulations is a major challenge for adaptation, as the grid resolution of most climate models is too coarse to explicitly resolve convective processes. When proper future extreme precipitation events are required, such as for adaptation to future flooding, users therefore rely on bias-corrected precipitation data. However, the commonly used quantile–quantile mapping procedure is not well suited to post-process distribution tails. As a response to a need expressed by the province of Québec for the purpose of the government’s INFO-Crue project, which aims in part to provide a better understanding of future floods and incorporate this information in flood mapping, a new, mixed method was proposed for post-processing the entire range of precipitation, including heavy precipitation. The method uses a non-parametric quantile–quantile mapping procedure for the bulk distribution and a parametric procedure based on extreme value theory for the right tail. The method’s performance is illustrated on a watershed in Québec (Canada), using external Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) parameters. Results show that the proposed method is able to keep the important characteristics of simulated distribution tails, such as the initial ranking and scaling between values, keep spatial coherence and provide robust estimates of high return levels. The proposed method represents a flexible framework that relies on the quantile–quantile mapping procedure that is trusted by the end users, while incorporating information from the statistical community where necessary to ensure that heavy precipitation that might drive flooding, such as the 20or 100-year 24h precipitation, is bias-corrected in a more robust manner. The method is available in the open-source package ClimateTools.jl written in Julia and Python’s xclim package.

RÉSUMÉ

La simulation réaliste des précipitations intenses dans les simulations climatiques est un défi majeur pour l‘adaptation aux changements climatiques, car la résolution de grille de la plupart des modèles climatiques est trop grossière pour résoudre explicitement les processus convectifs. Lorsque des événements futurs de précipitations extrêmes sont nécessaires, par exemple pour s‘adapter à de futures inondations, les utilisateurs s‘appuient sur des données de précipitations post-traitées. Cependant, la procédure de post-traitement de type quantile-quantile, couramment utilisée, n‘est pas bien adaptée aux queues de distribution. En réponse à un besoin exprimé par la province de Québec dans le cadre du projet gouvernemental INFO-Crue, qui vise en partie à mieux connaître les crues futures et à intégrer ces informations dans la cartographie des crues, une nouvelle méthode mixte est proposée pour le post-traitement de toute la gamme de précipitations, y compris les fortes précipitations. La méthode utilise une procédure de post-traitement quantile-quantile non paramétrique pour la distribution globale et une procédure paramétrique basée sur la théorie des valeurs extrêmes pour la queue de distribution. Les performances de la méthode sont illustrées sur un bassin versant au Québec (Canada), en utilisant des paramètres externes de valeurs extrêmes généralisées (GEV). Les résultats montrent que la méthode proposée est en mesure de conserver les caractéristiques importantes des queues de distribution simulées, telles que le classement initial et la mise à l‘échelle entre les valeurs, de conserver la cohérence spatiale et de fournir des estimations robustes des niveaux de retour élevés. La méthode proposée représente un cadre flexible qui s‘appuie sur la procédure de post-traitement quantile-quantile à laquelle les utilisateurs finaux font confiance, tout en incorporant des informations de la communauté statistique, le cas échéant, pour garantir que les fortes précipitations susceptibles de provoquer des inondations, telles que les précipitations quotidiennes de périodes de retour 20 ou 100 ans, sont post-traitées de manière robuste. La méthode est disponible dans la librairie open-source ClimateTools.jl écrite dans le langage Julia et dans la librairie xclim écrite en Python.

Code availability

Source code for QQM-GPD is available in the Julia ClimateTools.jl package (Roy et al. Citation2020) and in the python library xclim (Logan et al. Citation2022). Project source code and data to reproduce the results are available upon request. Estimation of extreme distribution parameters are handled by the Extremes.jl package (Jalbert, Farmer, and Roy Citation2020).

Acknowledgement

We wish to thank the reviewers for numerous suggestions that improved the manuscript. Thanks to Frédéric Guay from Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec for his timely help in GIS-related questions. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Regional Climate, and the Working Group on Coupled Modelling, former coordinating body of CORDEX and responsible panel for CMIP5. We also thank the climate modelling groups (listed in of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. We also acknowledge the Earth System Grid Federation infrastructure, an international effort led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, the European Network for Earth System Modelling and other partners in the Global Organisation for Earth System Science Portals (GO-ESSP). We acknowledge Natural Resources Canada for the production and distribution of the NRCan-Canada-Daily dataset. The CRCM5 data were generated and supplied by Ouranos. CRCM5 computations were made on McGill University’s Guillimin supercomputer, managed by Calcul Québec and Compute Canada. The operation of this supercomputer is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the ministère de l’Économie, de la science et de l’innovation du Québec (MESI) and the Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT).

Author contributions

P.R., G.R.-G., J.J. and É.F. designed the method.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, P.R., upon reasonable request.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 61.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 172.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.