Magnetic nanoflowers: a hybrid platform for enzyme immobilization

Abstract

The use of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers as a support material for enzyme immobilization has gained significant attention in recent years due to their high stability, ease of preparation, and enhanced catalytic activity. However, a major challenge in utilizing these hybrid nanoflowers for enzyme immobilization is the difficulty in handling and separating them due to their low density and high dispersion. To address this issue, magnetic nanoflowers have emerged as a promising alternative enzyme immobilization platform due to their easy separation, structural stability, and ability to enhance catalytic efficiency. This review focuses on different methods for designing magnetic nanoflowers, as well as future research directions. Additionally, it provides examples of enzymes immobilized in the form of magnetic nanoflowers and their applications in environmental remediation, biosensors, and food industries. Finally, the review discusses possible ways to improve the material for enhanced catalytic activity, structural stability, and scalability.

Graphical abstract

The magnetic hybrid nanoflowers embedded with enzymes exhibit superior catalytic activity, excellent stability, and ease of separation which can be used in a wide range of applications.

HIGHLIGHTS

• Magnetic nanoflowers can be used as a novel platform for enzyme immobilization.

• There are three different approaches to the synthesis of efficient magnetic nanoflower.

• The magnetic nanoflowers provides excellent stability and good reusability of enzymes.

• The hybrid biocatalyst was applied in biotransformation, environmental, and food applications.

• The challenges and their remedies of hybrid biocatalyst have been discussed.

Keywords:

• Enzyme immobilization
• magnetic
• nanoflowers
• nanozymes
• application
• design

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank and dedicate this work to Hon. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, whose ideas, thoughts, and vision ignited us and inspired us to move in the research field. The authors also acknowledge the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for financial support in the research work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.