Does being defiant and irritable take a toll on physical health? Examining the covariation between symptoms of physical health and oppositional defiance across adolescence to young adulthood

Abstract

Objectives. While oppositional defiance is often considered a childhood behavioural problem, the negative impact of symptoms on relationships and emotional wellbeing may endure well into young adulthood and can affect overall physical health. However, little is known about the co - occurrence of oppositional defiance symptoms (ODS) and changes in physical health functioning, particularly during the transition to young adulthood. This study examines the coupled change between ODS and physical health symptoms during this critical developmental period to inform the long - term somatic manifestations of ODS.

Methods. Participants (N = 662; 52% female) from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey (V-HYS) were assessed for ten years across six biennial occasions from ages 12–18 to ages 22–30. A multilevel time -varying covariation model, disaggregating within- and between - person variability, examined whether change in ODS was systematically associated with change in physical health symptoms.

Results. On average, individuals with higher ODS reported more physical health symptoms. Moreover, ODS also shared a significant within - person time - varying association with physical health, suggesting that the two symptom domains fluctuated together within - individuals across time, irrespective of between - person differences.

Conclusion. This study provides a novel within- and between - person demonstration of the link between ODS and physical health symptoms from youth to young adulthood.

Keywords:

• Oppositional defiance
• adolescence
• young adulthood
• physical health

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the participants of the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey for their time and generosity, as well the dedication and efforts of all those involved in data collection.

Disclosure statement

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, PS. The data are not publicly available due to restrictions relating to protecting the privacy of research participants.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research under Grants #838-20000-075, #79917, and #93533.