Bisphenol a (BPA) aggravate the adverse effect on physiological and biochemical response in freshwater mussel potomida littoralis

ABSTRACT

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound extensively employed in plastic manufacturing, and this pollutant has been detected in diverse aquatic organisms, notably bivalves. In order to comprehend the ecological and toxicological consequences of BPA Bisphenol A in these organisms, it is essential to examine the physiological and biochemical effects and identify areas where our understanding is lacking. This knowledge is crucial for determining the environn ental threat posed by bisphenol A and assisting decision-makers in establishing the appropriate priorities. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of BPA on the biochemical and physiological parameters of the freshwater mussel Potomida littoralis. In a laboratory setting, mussels were subjected to two different levels of BPA (20 and 100 μg/L) for a duration of 21 days. Filtration rate was calculated from the clearance of neutral red, fed to mussels at different BPA concentrations. The mussel’s filtration rate capacity declined as BPA exposure intensified, potentially due to the mussel’s attempt to close its valves and minimize BPA absorption, thus preventing cellular damage. In the digestive gland tissue, key antioxidant and detoxification defenses, including catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and levels of H₂O₂ and glutathione (GSH), were activated, particularly at the 100 μg/L BPA concentration. This activation helped protect against lipid damage at higher BPA concentrations. This study underscores the significance of preventing and regulating BPA release into the environment to avert detrimental consequences for aquatic ecosystems.

KEYWORDS:

• Bisphenol a
• freshwater mussels
• biochemical markers
• filtration capacity
• oxidative stress

Acknowledgements

The conducted study was funded through grants from the the Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia. The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University, Saudi Arabia, for supporting this work through project number (TU-DSPP-2024-151).

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Data availability statement

All data and materials are available upon request

Additional information

Funding

No particular funding was granted for this research from any public, commercial, or nonprofit entities.