Unsteady tetra hybrid nanofluid in MHD flow between two parallel rotating stretchable disks under chemical reaction and activation energy effects

Abstract

This article aims to investigate the dynamics of unsteady tetra hybrid nanofluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow occurring between two parallel rotating stretchable disks with convective boundary conditions. The study employs blood as the base fluid, incorporating quadrant hybrid nanoparticles comprising ZrO₂, MoS₂, MWCNTs, and UO₂. The influence of parameters such as shape factor, chemical reaction, and activation energy on the flow characteristics is examined. By employing similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations. Analytical solutions are obtained utilizing the differential transform method (DTM) and validated against results obtained through the HAM-package and numerical techniques (Explicit Runge-Kutta Method). Velocity profiles in the axial, radial, and tangential directions, as well as temperature and concentration profiles, are scrutinized across various fluid parameters. The tetra hybrid nanofluid demonstrates a higher Nusselt number compared to other fluid compositions. However, it is noted that skin friction is also elevated for the tetra hybrid nanofluid, underscoring the importance of carefully considering optimal nanoparticle utilization in engineering applications. This study offers valuable insights into the behavior of hybrid nanofluids within MHD flow systems and their potential industrial applications.

Keywords:

• DTM method
• explicit Runge–Kutta method
• shape factor
• tetra hybrid nanofluid

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.