The Rise and Decline of the Russian March

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Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1 This article was written as part of Research Program No. 01201370998, “Ethnic Relations and Conflicts in Russia and the World.”

. Naberezhnov, G. “V Liublino nachalsia ‘Russkii marsh’,” RBK, November 4, 2014.

2. Kholmogorov, E. “Pochemu umer ‘Russkii marsh,” Chetyre pera, November 4, 2018. For a conspiracy theory of the decline of the march, see Grevtsev, I. “‘Russkii marsh’ dolzhen byt’ podoben ‘Bessmertnomu polku’!,” Russkii vestnik, November 16, 2017.

3. “Interv’iu Vladimira Putina vedushchim rossiiskim telekanalam,” “Pervyi kanal,” November 18, 2004.

4. Borusiak, L. “‘Nashi’: kogo i kak uchat spasat’ Rossiiu,” Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniia (Levada-Tsentr), 2005, No. 5; Bekker, V. “‘Gerbalaif’ vysokogo poleta. Setevye partii i ‘podzhog reikhstaga’ v Moskve,” Politicheskii zhurnal, August 1, 2005; Ikhlov, E.V. “Samoderzhavnoe dezha-viu. Zachem vzrashchivaiut chernuiu sotniu.” Za prava cheloveka, October 20, 2005.

5. “Deputaty prizyvaiut Genprokuraturu zapretit’ v Rossii iudaizm,” Portal sotsial’no-demokraticheskoi politiki, January 24, 2005; Deich, M., and V. Kazhdaia. “Geroi voniuchego rynka, ili ‘Pravoslavnye patrioty’ na trope voiny,” Moskovskii komsomolets, June 24, 2005.

6. Kozhevnikova, G. “Ul’trapravye tendentsii v prokremlevskikh molodezhnykh dvizheniiakh.: In Russkii natsionalizm mezhdu vlast’iu i oppozitsiei, pp. 4–17.

7. Solodovnik, S. “Tvorcheskii soiuz s fundamentalistami,” Ezhenedel’nyi zhurnal, July 22, 2005.

8. Zvereva, G. “Russkie smysly dlia novoi Rossii? Opyt prodvizheniia ‘Russkoi doktriny.” In Verkhi i nizy russkogo natsionalizma, pp. 121–144.

9. For more detail, see Shnirel’man, V.A. Khazarskii mif: ideologiia politicheskogo radikalizma v Rossii i ee istoki.

10. Verkhovskii, A. “Ideinaia evoliutsiia russkogo natsionalizma: 1990-e i 200-e gody.” In Verkhi i nizy russkogo natsionalizma, pp. 6–32.

11. Shnirel’man, V.A. “Chistil’shchiki moskovskikh ulits”: skinkhedy, SMI i obshchestvennoe mnenie

12. Umland, A. “Novyi ‘osobyi put’’ Rossii posle ‘oranzhevoi revoliutsii’: radikal’noe antizapadnichestvo i paratotalitarnyi neoavtoritarizm 2005–2008 godov.” In Ideologiia “osobogo puti” v Rossii i Germanii: istoki, soderzhanie, posledstviia, pp. 251–254.

13. “Den’ narodnogo edinstva, god 2014-i,” Russkaia pravoslavnaia tserkov’, November 12, 2014.

14. Vinogradov, M., et al. “Natsionalisty privatizirovali prazdnik,” Izvestia, November 7, 2005. See also Zuev, D. “The Russian March: Investigating the Symbolic Dimension of Political Performance in Modern Russia,” Europe-Asia Studies, 2013, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 102–126; Shnirel’man, V.A. “Narodnyi prazdnik: konsolidatsiia ili raskol obshchestva,” Neprikosnovennyi zapas No. 6, pp. 262–279.

15. On the history of the march through its participants’ eyes, see Benediktov, K. “Natsionalizm kak otvet,” Vzgliad, November 6, 2009; Kholmogorov, E., op. cit.

16. Dugin, A. “Natsionalizm nenavisti ubiistvenen dlia Rossii!,” Pravda, May 2, 2006.

17. E. Pain characterizes Navalny as a “social populist” and emphasizes his lack of xenophobia. See Pain, E. “Dinamika ksenofobii v epokhu populizma: opyt makrosotsial’nogo analiza,” Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniia, 2018, Nos. 3–4, pp. 28–30.

18. For more on him see Holthouse, D. “From Russia, With Hate. Key Racist Activist Emerges in U.S., Russia,” Intelligence Report, Summer 2008, No. 130, pp. 22–25.

19. “Itogi ‘Russkogo marsha’ 4 noiabria 2006 g. Soveshchanie pravoslavnykh ekspertov v Slavianskom tsentre.” Russkaia liniia, January 10, 2007.

20. The name of an eight-rayed swastika that some neo-Nazis believe is of ancient Slavic origin and use as an emblem.—Trans.

21. “Sviashchennosluzhiteli o ‘Russkom marshe’ i legal’nom natsionalizme,” Novosti federatsii, October 6, 2010; “Sviashchennosluzhiteli o ‘Russkom marshe’,” regiony.ru, November 6, 2012; “Predstavitelei Tserkvi vozmutil fakt ispol’zovaniia pravoslavnoi simvoliki na nedavnem ‘Russkom marshe’,” via-midgard, November 9, 2012.

22. “Protoierei Vsevolod Chaplin: RPTs nedostatochno vnimatel’na k ulichnoi molodezhi,” newsru.com, November 6, 2013.

23. Churka, derived from the word tiurk (a member of a Turkic-speaking ethnic group), is a derogatory term for a person from the Caucasus or Central Asia.—Trans.

24. A kishlak is a rural settlement of seminomadic Turkic peoples of Central Asia; ishak is a Turkic-derived word for “donkey.”—Trans.

25. “Manifest ‘Russkogo marsha’—2012,” “Russkii Marsh” November 4, 2012.

26. “Kratko o ‘Russkom Marshe,’” “Russkii Marsh” November 4, 2015.

27. Khach (plural: khachi) is a derogatory term for a person from the Caucasus.—Trans.

28. Demshiza and liberast are both derogatory portmanteaus from the words demokraticheskie shizofreniki (roughly, “dem schizos”) and liberalnyi pederast (“liberal pederast”).—Trans.

29. Breivik is a far-right terrorist who was convicted of killing eight people in Oslo and 69 people at a summer camp in 2011. He said his purpose was to save Norway from a Muslim takeover. He was sentenced to twenty-one years in prison.—Trans.

30. In Russian, the phrase is a rhyme: Ne trus’, my za edinuiu Rus’!—Trans.

31. The hand grenade, which is known in Russian slang as a limonka, was adopted by the National Bolsheviks as a result of a coincidence: The party was founded by a former dissident, Eduard Limonov.

32. Regarding the popularity of these sentiments among Russian monarchists see Shnirel’man, V.A. Koleno Danovo: eskhatologiia i antisemitizm v sovremennoi Rossii.

33. The universal electronic card was a combined identity and payment card issued by the Russian government from 2013 through 2016. The card was discontinued at the end of 2016 because it failed to gain wide popularity and due to technical and bureaucratic problems.—Trans.

34. Novorossiya (New Russia) is the historical term applied to the regions of Eastern Ukraine controlled by pro-Russian separatists.—Trans.

35. Maidan is shorthand for the so-called Orange Revolution of 2014 that drove out the government of Viktor Yanukovich. The huge demonstrations that led to the overthrow took place in Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) in the center of Kiev.—Trans.

36. “Moskva-2015: ‘Russkie’ i prochie marshi natsionalistov,” Tsentr “Sova,” November 4, 2015.

37. Paneiakh, E. “Kak Den’ narodnogo edinstva prevratilsia v ‘den’ natsionalista’,” RBK, November 5, 2014.

38. Gerasimenko, O. “Aleksandr Potkin: ‘Kogda uezzhal iz lageria, nekotorye plakali’,” Russkaia sluzhba Bi-Bi-si, April 26, 2018.

39. This was mentioned by Stanislav Belkovskii on Ekho Moskvy. See “Osoboe mnenie,” Ekho Moskvy, February 8, 2019.