Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Indian railway sahayaks

ABSTRACT

Railway sahayak or also known as coolie is one of the oldest occupations in India. This occupational group is continuously subjected to various musculoskeletal problems due to repetitive load exertion in unnatural postures. The present research aims to examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Indian railway sahayaks. A cross-sectional study has been conducted on a sample of 51 male sahayaks. With a modified Nordic questionnaire, data were collected on their demographics, work, and musculoskeletal pain history. Electromyography (EMG) of the upper trapezius muscle of selected 12 healthy sahayaks having no history of neck–shoulder complaints were analyzed under different load lifting and carrying conditions. Additionally, ergonomic risk levels were recorded using Rapid Entire Body Assessment method. The questionnaire revealed that for the past 1 year prevalence, the most affected body regions of railway sahayaks were neck (47%), shoulder (51%), lower back (43%), and knee (47%). The association between age group and MSDs in different body regions were found significant (p = 0.012 for neck, p = 0.017 for shoulder, etc.). Work experience also had a significant relation to the MSDs in different body regions (p = 0.013 for shoulder,p = 0.023 for calf, etc.). Analysis of variance reveals high significance level between EMG values and tasks performed by the sahayaks. In conclusion, railway sahayaks were found to have high rate of MSDs which may be associated with lifting/carrying heavy loads in awkward postures. Ergonomic interventions must be implemented to reduce the risk level on this group of workers.

KEYWORDS:

• Musculoskeletal disorders
• railway sahayaks
• ANOVA
• EMG
• posture analysis

Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank Shri. Bhaskar, Sr. Divisional Commercial Manager, South Eastern Railway, Chakradharpur, for allowing us to carry out our research study in Rourkela railway station premises. The authors appreciate the help of Prof. Kunal Pal and his team, Department of Bio-Medical and Bio-Technology Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, in fabricating the EMG device. The authors also thank all the coolies for their cooperation in the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.