A design framework for small parks in ultra-urban, metropolitan, suburban and small town settings

ABSTRACT

Public parks contribute to neighbourhood quality of life, promote a more public daily life, serve as important focal points for neighbourhoods, and provide access to nearby nature as part of the built environment. Parks have a special role in the range of public space as a part of sustainable land use planning and development. Good design helps position them for relevant cultural and ecological roles. This research identified design principles that good, small urban parks share – including accessibility, specificity, authenticity, functionality, and adaptability – applicable in smaller cities, towns, and lower density areas. The framework was subsequently tested using interviews, remote and observational analysis in locations representing this variety of settings in the Southeastern, Mid-Atlantic, and Northeastern United States.

Notes

1. ‘Accessibility’ is also used when describing the physical design of space that accommodates disabled individuals, such as ramps or entrances without steps.

2. Champaign, Illinois was not among the sites selected for further study due to location and budget constraints.

3. Homeowner associations (HOA)s are legal organizations that comprise the homeowners in a particular neighbourhood, each of which has an equal share in, and pays annual dues to the HOA. Common areas (such as parks, clubhouses or planted medians) are deeded to HOAs, which are responsible for their upkeep and maintenance. HOA-maintained parks are not open to the general public and serve only the families living in the particular neighbourhood.