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Bulletin of Spanish Studies
Hispanic Studies and Researches on Spain, Portugal and Latin America
Volume 101, 2024 - Issue 1
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Articles

The Late Styles of Juan Ramón Jiménez: A Comparison of Finality in Espacio and Dios deseado y deseante

Pages 57-78 | Published online: 18 Mar 2024
 

Abstract

Death and finality permeate the whole corpus of Juan Ramón Jiménez. However, the treatment of the topic shifts towards the end of his life. This article compares the styles and approaches to death in Juan Ramón Jiménez’s Espacio and Dios deseado y deseante using Edward Said and Theodor Adorno’s writings on ‘late style’. Espacio is ‘late’ in its fragmentation and rupture with the poet’s earlier poetics. However, the poetry of Dios deseado y deseante nuances what had been put forth in Espacio, while offering a contrasting view of death, finality and spirituality that responds to questions that Espacio opened.

Notes

1 Juan Ramón Jiménez, Cartas. Antología, ed. Francisco Garfias (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1992), 350.

2 Carlos León Liquete, ‘Introducción a Dios deseado y deseante (Animal de fondo)’, in Juan Ramón Jiménez, Obra poética, ed. Francisco Javier Blasco Pascual & Teresa Gómez Trueba, intro. de Carlos León Liquete, con un prólogo de Víctor García de la Concha, 2 vols (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 2005), I, Obra en verso, 1119–38 (p. 1122).

3 Ricardo Gullón, Conversaciones con Juan Ramón Jiménez (Madrid: Taurus, 1958), 119.

4 Alfonso Alegre Heitzmann, ‘Prólogo’, in Juan Ramón Jiménez, Lírica de una Atlántida: ‘En el otro costado’. ‘Una colina meridiana’. ‘Dios deseado y deseante’. ‘De ríos que se van’ (1936–1954), ed., con prólogo, apéndices & notas, de Alfonso Alegre Heitzmann (Barcelona: Tusquets, 2019), 9–37 (p. 18).

5 León Liquete, ‘Introducción a Dios deseado y deseante’, 1122.

6 Edward W. Said, On Late Style: Music and Literature against the Grain, foreword by Mariam C. Said, with an intro. by Michael Wood (New York: Pantheon Books, 2006), 7.

7 Theodor W. Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, in Essays on Music, selection, intro., commentary & notes by Richard Leppert, new translations by Susan H. Gillespie (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2002), 564–68 (p. 565).

8 Said, On Late Style, 7 & 8; original emphasis.

9 Gordon McMullan & Sam Smiles, ‘Introduction: Late Style and Its Discontents’, in Late Style and Its Discontents: Essays in Art, Literature, and Music, ed. Gordon McMullan & Sam Smiles (Oxford: Oxford U. P., 2016), 1–15 (p. 11).

10 McMullan & Smiles, ‘Introduction: Late Style and Its Discontents’, 12.

11 Linda & Michael Hutcheon, ‘Historicizing Late Style As a Discourse of Reception’, in Late Style and Its Discontents, ed. McMullan & Smiles, 51–68 (p. 68).

12 Hutcheon & Hutcheon, ‘Historicizing Late Style As a Discourse of Reception’, 56.

13 Hutcheon & Hutcheon, ‘Historicizing Late Style As a Discourse of Reception’, 60.

14 Hutcheon & Hutcheon, ‘Historicizing Late Style As a Discourse of Reception’, 60.

15 Hutcheon & Hutcheon, ‘Historicizing Late Style As a Discourse of Reception’, 53.

16 Juan Ramón Jiménez, ‘Autobiografía y arte poético’, in Ideolojía (1897–1957). Metamórfosis, IV, reconstrucción, estudio & notas de Antonio Sánchez Romeralo (Barcelona: Editorial Anthropos, 1990), 255–91 (p. 279).

17 Juan Ramón Jiménez, Espacio, in Obra poética, ed. Blasco Pascual & Gómez Trueba, II, Obra en prosa, acc. 1966, 1269–1301 (pp. 1271–72) ll. 100–06; my emphasis. Further references to Espacio are to this edition and volume and will be given in parentheses in the main text with reference to the accession number, page numbers and line numbers.

18 Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, 564.

19 Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, 564; my emphasis.

20 Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Las cien mejores poesías españolas del destierro, ed. Enrique González Martínez (México D.F.: Editorial Signo, 1945), xv.

21 References to the godhead are not capitalized throughout to follow Juan Ramón’s own practice.

22 Said, On Late Style, 7.

23 Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, 566.

24 Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, 566; my emphasis.

25 Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, 565.

26 John C. Wilcox, Self and Image in Juan Ramón Jiménez: Modern and Post-Modern Readings (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987), 150–51.

27 Francisco Javier Blasco Pascual, ‘El último Juan Ramón: “fundir conciencia”, una estética de honda raigambre ética’, in Juan Ramón Jiménez: poesía y pensamiento, ed. Luis Miguel Arroyo Arrayás (Huelva: Univ. de Huelva, 2008), 199–218, (p. 208); Juan Ramón’s ‘Yo no soy yo’ offers a similar, if more straightforward, perspective of the splitting of the self in contemplation of death: ‘Soy este / que va a mi lado sin yo verlo; / que, a veces, voy a ver, / y que, a veces olvido. / El que calla, sereno, cuando hablo, / el que perdona, dulce, cuando odio, / el que pasea por donde no estoy, / el que quedará en pie cuando yo muera’ (Juan Ramón Jiménez, ‘Yo no soy yo’, in Obra poética, ed. Blasco Pascual & Gómez Trueba, I, Obra en verso, acc. no. 1541, 418, ll. 2–8).

28 Francisco J. Díaz de Castro, ‘Espacio como culminación de la poética de Juan Ramón Jiménez’, in Juan Ramón Jiménez: poesía total y obra en marcha. Actas del IV Congreso de Literatura Española Contemporánea. Universidad de Málaga, 13, 14, 15 y 16 de noviembre de 1990, ed. Cristóbal Cuevas García, Enrique Baena & Antonio Garrido Domínguez (Barcelona: Editorial Anthropos, 1991), 265–88 (p. 284).

29 Almudena del Olmo Iturriarte, En torno a ‘Espacio’ de Juan Ramón Jiménez (Palma de Mallorca: Ediciones Monograma, 1995), 41.

30 Mercedes Juliá de Agar, De la nueva luz: en torno a la poesía última de Juan Ramón Jiménez (Huelva: Diputación Provincial de Huelva, 2010), 124–25.

31 Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, 564.

32 Mercedes Juliá de Agar, El universo de Juan Ramón Jiménez: un estudio del poema ‘Espacio’ (Madrid: Ediciones de la Torre, 1988), 164–65.

33 Edward W. Said, ‘Reflections on Exile’, in his Reflections on Exile and Other Essays (Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. P., 2000), 173–86 (p. 186); original emphasis.

34 Said, ‘Reflections on Exile’, 186.

35 Said, On Late Style, 7; original emphasis.

36 José María Naharro Calderón, Entre el exilio y el interior: el ‘entresiglo’ y Juan Ramón Jiménez (Barcelona: Editorial Anthropos, 1994), 300–01.

37 Goretti Ramírez, Representaciones del espacio en la poesía del exilio republicano español: Emilio Prados, Juan Ramón Jiménez y Luis Cernuda (Sevilla: Editorial Renacimiento, 2018), 67.

38 Adorno, ‘Late Style in Beethoven’, 566.

39 Juan Ramón Jiménez, ‘A Luis Cernuda’, in La corriente infinita: crítica y evocación, recopilación, selección & prólogo de Francisco Garfias (Madrid: Editorial Aguilar, 1961), 171–79 (p. 177).

40 Juan Ramón Jiménez, Dios deseado y deseante, in Obra poética, ed. Blasco Pascual & Gómez Trueba, I, Obra en verso, acc. no. 2067, 1148–49 (p. 1148, ll. 18–24). Further references to poems in Dios deseado y deseante are to this edition and volume and will be given in the main text with the accession number, page numbers and line numbers.

41 Juan Ramón Jiménez, Almas de Violeta (Madrid: s.n., 1900), 15.

42 Juan Ramón Jiménez, Diario de un poeta recién casado, in Obra poética, ed. Blasco Pascual & Gómez Trueba, I, Obra en verso, acc. no. 1235, 53–268 (p. 149).

43 Juan Ramón Jiménez, ‘Quemarnos del todo’, in Política poética, presentación de Germán Bleiberg (Madrid: Alianza Tres, 1982), 403–08 (pp. 406–07; my emphasis).

44 Jiménez, ‘Quemarnos del todo’, 406 & 408.

45 Juan Ramón Jiménez, Dios deseado y deseante: (Animal de fondo): con numerosos poemas inéditos, ed., con intro., de Antonio Sánchez Barbudo (Madrid: Aguilar, 1964), 107.

* Disclosure Statement: No potential conflict of intertest was reported by the author.

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