Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iranian individuals

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms in the Iranian population. Additionally, we performed a straightforward meta-analysis of the present articles to better understand this role. A total of 100 Iranian individuals, 50 patients with T2DM, and 50 age-matched healthy individuals were included in this study. DNA was extracted using the salting-out approach, polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, electrophoresis techniques were used, and genotyping was performed. We also searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for papers published in 2023. We found a significantly higher frequency of I/D genotype in the patient group than in the control group, and the risk of T2DM was 10 times higher in individuals with the I/D genotype (OR, 10 [95% CI, 3.7 to 27]; p < 0.0001) and also 2.85 time higher in individuals with the D allele OR, 2.85 [95% CI, 1.55 to 5.24]; p < 0.001). The ACE polymorphism alleles D and I/D genotypes may increase the risk of developing T2DM in an Iranian population.

Keywords:

• Polymorphism
• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• insertion deletion
• meta-analysis

Acknowledgment

Authors thank everyone who participated in the survey, including the patients and the control group, as well as the Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran for supporting it.

Authors’ contributions

All authors have made significant contributions to the research and preparation of this manuscript. The following is a detailed account of the contributions of each author: MM, MK, and HC: Conceptualization, Methodology, and Writing - Original Draft Preparation and Collecting samples; MM and MK contributed extensively to the conceptualization of the study by formulating the research questions and objectives. They also played a major role in designing the methodology, including the data collection and statistical analysis. MK, NA, and MR: Data Curation, Visualization, and Investigation. They played a crucial role in collecting and curating the primary data used in this study. MK, MM, and DS: Literature Review and Writing - Review & Editing. They extensively reviewed the existing literature on genetic variants and T2DM disorders. They meticulously searched and synthesized relevant studies to ensure a comprehensive background for the research. MK: Supervision, and Project Administration. MK supervised the entire research project and secured the necessary funding for its execution. Their expertise and guidance were instrumental in shaping the research methodology and ensuring alignment with the project goals. Additionally, MK oversaw the project administration, coordinated research activities among team members, and provided valuable insights throughout the study. All authors read and approved the final version of this article. They agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work, taking responsibility for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the research.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and national guidelines. (Ethical code: IR.GMU.REC.1399.119).

Data availability statement

All data are available in case of need.

Additional information

Funding

Gonabad University of Medical Science funded this project.