Sleep Quality and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Unit at the Referral Hospitals in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Poor sleep quality during pregnancy leads to adverse neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and operative birth. Though it has many consequences, a limited study was conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Objective

This study is aimed to determine poor sleep quality and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at the selected referral hospitals.

Methods

Institution-based cross-sectional study was used from April 20 to June 10, 2021. A The data were collected through systematic random sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the outcome variable based on interview.

Results

Out of 423, almost 414 participated in the study with a response rate of 97.9%. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 54.6% (95% CI: 49.7%, 59%). Based on the trimester; about 44.8%, 36.8%, and 64.2% were observed poor sleep quality in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Third trimester [AOR (Adjusted Odd Ratio) = 4.33; 95% CI (Confidence Interval) (1.43, 13.7)], primigravida [AOR = 4.03; 95% CI (2.59, 7.97)], para ≥2 [AOR = 1.95: 95% CI (1.09, 3.48)], depression [AOR = 4.59: 95% CI (2.31, 9.15)], and perceived stress [AOR = 1.15: 95% CI (1.1, 1.22)] were factors significantly associated.

Conclusion

One in every two pregnant women has poor sleep quality. Depression, perceived stress, gestational age, gravida, and parity were identified as associated factors with poor sleep quality. Therefore, healthcare providers should work on screening and counseling for sleep problems during prenatal checkups.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the University of Gondar for funding, study participants, data collectors, and facilitators for their unlimited cooperation in the process of this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contributions

AA conceptualized the study and was involved in the design, analysis, interpretation, report, and manuscript writing. BD, YY, YA, BA, MD, ZW, and AH made a substantial contribution to the conception, analysis, and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, and critical revision for important intellectual content. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Availability of data and materials

The dataset containing all the required data is found at the primary author that can be accessed with a justifiable request.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The research was started after ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Gondar with reference number Ref. No. 438/2021, and permission letters were also obtained from the selected hospitals. Written informed consent was obtained from each study participant after explaining the objectives and purpose of the study. For this purpose, a one-page consent letter was attached to the cover page of each questionnaire, stating the objectives of the study. Participants were assured that they had the full right to participate in or withdraw from the study. The data was collected and kept confidential. COVID-19 protocols, like wearing masks, were used to ensure the safety of the participants and data collectors.

Additional information

Funding

The University of Gondar funds this research.