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ABSTRACT
In this study, the synergistic effect between peat and lignite coal was investigated in terms of kinetic energy and mass loss trends using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Thermogravimetric non-isothermal studies were conducted at different heating rates under inert nitrogen atmosphere. Kinetic analysis was performed using model-free KAS, OFW, and Starink methods and the average activation energies varied between 88.62 kJ/mol and 204.28 kJ/mol. Differential mass loss trends were determined using experimental and theoretical data. An obvious deviation was obtained at a blend ratio of PT:CL40:60. Thus, results revealed that the PT and CL co-pyrolysis has synergistic effects, especially for sample PT:CL40:60. SEM and BET analyses were performed on the coke sample of peat, coal, and PT:CL40:60 blend ratio samples for further analysis. The surface area of peat and coal was determined to be 416 m2/g and 83.06 m2/g, respectively. It was concluded that the porosity and surface area of coal (187.02 m2/g) increased with the addition of peat. The results are expected to be useful in the design of peat biomass and coal co-pyrolysis systems.
Nomenclature section
| A | = | Pre-exponential factor, 1/s |
| Ea | = | Activation energy, J/mol |
| Epeat | = | Activation energy of peat, J/mol |
| Ecoal | = | Activation energy of lignite, J/mol |
| Eacalculate | = | Calculated activation energy |
| Eaexperimental | = | Experimental activation energy |
| f(α) | = | Reaction model |
| k | = | Rate constant |
| R | = | Universal gas constant 8.314 J/(mol.K), |
| T | = | Temperature,°C |
| R2 | = | Coefficient of determination |
| S | = | Sulphur content |
| H | = | Hydrogen content |
| N | = | Nitrogen content |
| O | = | Oxygen content |
| C | = | Carbon content |
| Ypeat | = | Mole fraction of peat |
| Ycoal | = | Mole fraction of coal |
| Wpeat | = | mass fraciton of peat |
| Wcoal | = | Mass fraciton of coal |
| ΔW | = | relative mass loss deviation (%) |
| Ti | = | Inıtial temperature |
| Tmax | = | Maximum temperature |
| Ts | = | Final temperature |
| PTCL | = | PeatCoal |
| FC | = | Fixed carbon |
| MC | = | Moisture content |
| VM | = | Volatile matter |
| KAS | = | Kissinger- Akahira-Sunose Analysis |
| FWO | = | Ozawa-Flynn-Wall Analysis |
| DAEM | = | Distributed Activation Energy Model |
| ASTM | = | The American Society for Testing and Materials |
| SEM | = | Scanning Electron Miscroscope |
| BET | = | Brunauer-Emmett-Teller |
| TGA | = | Termogravimetric Analyzer |
| DTG | = | Derivative Thermogravimetry |
| β | = | Heating rate (C/min) |
| α | = | Degree of conversion |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2024.2310143
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Esra Bakkaloğlu
Esra Bakkaloğlu received her master’s degree in Chemical Engineering from Ondokuz Mayıs University and is currently working as a research assistant in the same department.
Selim Ceylan
Selim Ceylan earned his PhD degree in Chemical Engineering from Marmara University and he currently holds the position of professor in the Chemical Engineering Department at Ondokuz Mayıs University.
Yıldıray Topcu
Yıldıray Topcu obtained his PhD degree in Chemistry from Ondokuz Mayıs University and he currently serves as a professor in the Chemical Engineering Department at Ondokuz Mayıs University.