https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-3907
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ABSTRACT
The key focus areas of the internal combustion engine architecture are energy effectiveness and greater thermal efficiency since 1/3 of the produced heat energy vanishes on the way to the atmosphere and the coolant. Experiments have looked into the viability of using tamanu biodiesel in a thermally insulated diesel engine. The engine was first put through its paces on regular diesel fuel as a comparison baseline. After that, the piston, exhaust, intake valve and cylinder head surfaces were coated with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) to act as thermal insulation for the engine. The engine coating was developed to improve the efficiency of the engine’s use of biodiesel blends by decreasing heat loss through the chamber walls with a thickness of 200 micrometers (µm). In addition, mixes of Tamanu biodiesel with diesel fuel were tested, including B10, B20, B30, and B100, to examine how these mixtures would influence the performance of the ceramic-coated low heat rejection (LHR) engine compared to the performance of the base diesel engine. Additionally, the impacts of different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratios on the operation of biodiesel-powered LHR engines were analyzed. The zirconia insulated LHR engine running on B20 performed the best, with a thermal efficiency of 28.57% and a brake specific energy consumption that was considerably lower than that of the baseline diesel engine. In addition, the LHR engine for B20 reduces carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions by 17% and 21.4%, respectively, compared to the B20-powered base diesel engine, although nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions slightly increase. However, the addition of 15% EGR to the B20-LHR engine produced a minor increment in hydrocarbon (HC), CO and smoke emissions, corresponding to 19.7% and 25.4%, respectively. By implementing 15% EGR with B20-LHR, the NOx level is reduced by 25.4% due to diluting the air-fuel mixture. The combination of 15% EGR with B20 for a thermal barrier-coated engine offers significant improvement by increasing engine performance and reducing emission characteristics.
Nomenclature
| LHR | = | Low Heat Rejection |
| EGR | = | Exhaust Gas Recirculation |
| PSZ | = | Partially Stabilized Zirconia |
| B100 | = | 100% Tamanu biodiesel |
| B30 | = | 70% diesel +30% Tamanu biodiesel |
| B20 | = | 80% diesel +20% Tamanu biodiesel |
| B10 | = | 90% diesel +10% Tamanu biodiesel |
| LHR-B20 | = | 20% Tamanu biodiesel + 80% diesel in LHR engine |
| BSEC | = | Brake Specific energy Consumption |
| CO | = | Carbon Monoxide |
| BTE | = | Brake Thermal Efficiency |
| HC | = | Hydro Carbon |
| MS | = | Mass Spectrometry |
| GC | = | Gas Chromatography |
| HRR | = | Heat Release Rate |
| FTIR | = | Fourier transform Infrared Spectrometry |
Future and scope
Tamanu oil, a non-edible vegetable oil, is readily available. Tamanu oil production is simple and feasible. It will promote the government’s clean and green aim and create many rural jobs. The author recommends the following studies to improve performance and combustion using tamanu biodiesel and thermal barrier coating in CI engines.
Controlling NOx emissions at medium to high loads requires more investigations.
Future research on injection timing, pressure, and economic analysis may adapt innovative fuels to the IC engine.
In order to effectively employ the coating in engine components, it is important to conduct comprehensive long-term durability studies can be carried out.
Highlights
Partially stabilized zirconia is used to coat the cylinder parts with a thickness of 200 µm.
The B20 biodiesel mix outperformed the other blend in thermal efficiency and emission characteristics.
The zirconia thermal barrier-insulated engine reduces HC, CO and smoke emissions.
The proportion of EGR greatly reduces NOx emissions.
Disclosure statement
The authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Backiyaraj Annamalai
Mr. Backiyaraj Annamalai an expert in Mechatronics system design, Industrial automation, Engine management systems, Automotive electronics, Internal Combustion Engine, Sustainable Fuel, Pollution Control and Dual Fuel Combustion, has published 15+ articles in top international journals. He mentored over 50 undergraduate and postgraduate students. He has delivered seminars on topics such as Industry 4.0 and mechatronic system design outside of academia.
Parthasarathy Murugesan
Dr. Parthasarathy Murugesan an expert in Internal Combustion Engine, Sustainable Fuel, Pollution Control, Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition Engine, and Dual Fuel Combustion, has published 60+ articles in top international journals and given 20 presentations at worldwide conferences. His 23 h-Index and over 1100 Scopus citations make him a notable reviewer for leading journals like Environmental Science and Pollution Research and Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology. He mentored over 10 research scholars and master’s students. A member of the SAE and IAENG, he is active in professional associations. He has given keynote presentations and organised workshops on emission control, engine simulation, and electric and hybrid vehicles outside of academia.
Thanh Tuan Le
Dr. Thanh Tuan Le is a lecturer at the Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Vietnam. He is also a member of the research group on Applied Material and Energy (AME) at HUTECH University. He works in Energy, Alternative fuels, and Automobile engineering.
Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen
Dr. Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen is a lecturer at Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. He received the Ph.D. in 2014. His research interests lie in Renewable energy, Alternative fuels, Maritime Safety, and Engineering Transport. Dr. Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen is a member of Progress of Applied Technology and Engineering in Transport Research Group (PATET) at the University since 2022.